Paix et guerre entre les nations

by Raymond Aron

本书包括理论、社会学、历史和人类行为学四个部分。阿隆在本书中提出了有别于一般国际关系理论的综合性概念框架，包括战略与外交，权力与手段，国家对权力、观念和荣耀的目标追求，国际体系的力量格局，国际体系的同质性与异质性；深入考察了地缘政治、人口、经济制度、政体、人的本性等各种物质和社会因素影响对外政策的多种方式；对二战之后，特别是冷战、核时代和全球历史条件下的国际关系特征进行了全面和权威的解读；并对国际关系的伦理、战略以及人类对和平的追求进行了理性而又深刻的探寻。雷蒙·阿隆本人在书中表达了自己写作这部巨著的意图：“我的目标，是充分理解政治组织化的共同体之间的关系所隐含的逻辑。围绕理解而进行的全部努力以一个问题而告终，这一问题将决定人类的未来。”

哈佛大学知名的历史学者斯坦利·霍夫曼如此评价：雷蒙·阿隆的《和平与战争》（1962）一书，写下了迄今为止最全面彻底、最令人信服的国家间政治理论。他在提醒读者政治的非道德性的同时，并没有忽视或可称之为康德的哲学维度，忽视和平的道德必需与国家间“战争状态”的现实之间的紧张关系。

Genres: Politics, International Relations, Nonfiction, Philosophy, History, Academic, War

794 pages, Paperback

Published April 1, 1984

About the author

Raymond-Claude-Ferdinand Aron (French: [ʁɛmɔ̃ aʁɔ̃]; 14 March 1905 – 17 October 1983) was a French philosopher, sociologist, journalist, and political scientist.
He is best known for his 1955 book The Opium of the Intellectuals, the title of which inverts Karl Marx's claim that religion was the opium of the people – Aron argues that in post-war France, Marxism was the opium of intellectuals. In the book, Aron chastised French intellectuals for what he described as their harsh criticism of capitalism and democracy and their simultaneous defense of Marxist oppression, atrocities, and intolerance. Critic Roger Kimball[2] suggests that Opium is "a seminal book of the twentieth century." Aron is also known for his lifelong friendship, sometimes fractious, with philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre.[3]
He is also known for his 1973 book, The Imperial Republic: The United States and the World 1945-1973, which influenced Zbigniew Brzezinski and Henry Kissinger, among others.
Aron wrote extensively on a wide range of other topics. Citing the breadth and quality of Aron's writings, historian James R. Garland[4] suggests, "Though he may be little known in America, Raymond Aron arguably stood as the preeminent example of French intellectualism for much of the twentieth century."

Reviews

[Marc Lamot · Rating 4 out of 5]

I read this book (in the original French edition) when I was 24 and it completely changed the way I looked at international politics, impressing the need to take a much more realistic stance in the world of powerplay. Obviously it is very outdated by now (first edition in 1962), but to me it remains the basic introduction to the harsh but fascinating realities of international relations. Especially the stress on geostrategic elements still is relevant. And Raymond Aron (1905-1983) also stylistically was a superb writer.

[Dermot Nolan · Rating 3 out of 5]

This is a dense difficult chore of a book. Aron is undoubtedly an intellectual power house. But his delivery makes engagement with the book incredibly difficult. I would not recommend one read this book for pleasure (as I did).

That being said, there is no doubt that this is a work of incredible depth and with several layers and strands if thought intertwined.

I will for sure return to this book as I have with Clausewitz's 'On War' for it is certainly of a substantive nature that merits a re-reading.

[Isabela Moreira Kulak · Rating 4 out of 5]

Uma leitura obrigatória aos estudantes e amantes das relações políticas internacionais. Um livro denso e técnico que abrange a natureza humana e os fenômenos que causam conflitos entre os Estados. Aron é conhecido pelo seu liberalismo e humanismo, e por ser um crítico contundente dos regimes totalitários marxistas. Nessa obra, pode-se observar como o autor defende que o sistema internacional é anárquico pois todos os Estados são soberanos. Também abrange a noção subjetiva do poder e o conceito de potência. Deve-se ter em mente que a primeira edição foi publicada em 1962, quando o mundo era outro, entretanto continua sendo um guia teórico importante para as RI.
Na minha opinião, a escrita do autor é complexa e um pouco arrastada. Tem que ser lido com calma e um caderno para anotar os pontos mais relevantes ajuda, considerando que são quase 1000 páginas de pura teoria política.

[Sense of History]

Outstanding introduction to geopolitics and diplomatic history. Perhaps outdated now, but it made a lasting impression on me, 35 years ago.

[Denise DeRocher · Rating 4 out of 5]

The definitive work of a brilliant man...

[Felipe Feitosa Castro · Rating 5 out of 5]

Excelente livro, maravilhosa tradução.

Deveria ser amplamente lido. Tenho poucas coisas pra dizer de uma obra tão incrível, tão bem construída, escrita e traduzida. Clássicos são clássicos.

Além de todos os motivos possíveis, pelo grande estudo e interpretação que poucas outras pessoas tiveram de Clausewitz, ler Aron, mesmo discordando, é um exercício que deveria ser feito e refeito com certa frequência por todos e todas que pretendem compreender as relações políticas e sociais que afetam as nações e unidades internacionais.

[Alejo · Rating 5 out of 5]

A very complete book in the subject of IR, each of its chapter has (or may have) at least one book that complements it. Highly recommended for Cold War buffs like me.