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Divya

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मार्क्सवादी चिन्तक और वैचारिक प्रतिबद्धता को बुद्धि का सर्वश्रेष्ठ अनुशासन माननेवाले कथाकार यशपाल के सरोकारों में भारतीय सामाजिक संरचना में स्त्री की यातना और व्यक्तित्व का प्रश्न हमेशा प्रमुख रहा है।‘दिव्या’ (1945) में यशपाल ऐतिहासिक पृष्ठभूमि में स्त्री की पीड़ा के सामाजिक कारणों की तलाश करते हैं। उनका मानना है कि ‘इतिहास विश्वास की नहीं, विश्लेषण की वस्तु है।...अतीत में अपनी रचनात्मक सामर्थ्य और परिस्थितियों के सुलझाव और रचना के लिए निर्देश पाती हैं।’ दिव्या में लेखक सागल के गणसमाज को केन्द्र में रखकर पृथुसेन, मारिश और दिव्या के माध्यम से तत्कालीन सामाजिक अन्तर्विरोधों की गहन पड़ताल करता है। न तो वर्णाश्रम व्यवस्था पर आधारित सामन्ती समाज ही स्त्री को सम्मान और सुरक्

Kindle Edition

First published January 1, 1945

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Yashpal

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Displaying 1 - 15 of 15 reviews
Profile Image for Smitha Murthy.
Author 2 books420 followers
January 20, 2019
I jumped from medieval Norway straight into ancient India in 'Divya.' Continuing my foray into the wide genre of translated Indian literature, Yashpal's 'Divya' had me turning the pages. Along the way, I shed some of my cultural and historical ignorance when I learned that India had been ruled by the Greeks, whose cultural influence extended far and beyond Jumbo Dweep as India was known then.

In 'Divya' Yashpal has created a truly unique woman - a woman who believes that she is free only when she is a prostitute. Challenging all norms of society, Yashpal has cast a light on society's hypocrisies - caste, slavery, myth, theism, belief, faith - there is nothing that doesn't escape his scathing pen. To that extent, I loved 'Divya.' Truly, one of the reasons we ought to read is to know more about the world within and outside us. As long as a book that does that, we are paying our due homage to the writer.
Profile Image for CP Singh.
7 reviews2 followers
October 21, 2021
मेरे लिए “दिव्या” एक किताब की कहानी या कहानी का काल्पनिक चरित्र मात्र नहीं है; “दिव्या” बौद्धकालीन भारतीय समाज के धार्मिक, सामाजिक, राजनीतिक पक्षों का दर्पण है । यशपाल ने उस समय की स्त्रियों की सामाजिक स्थिति ही नही बल्कि उनके अंतरिक अंतर्द्वंदों , उनकी वेदना का भी बखूबी चित्रण किया है।
संभवतः पृष्ठभूमि ऐतिहासिक होने के कारण भाषा तत्समी है जिसके कारण पाठकों को चुनौतियां आ सकती है किंतु “भाषा” ही इस उपन्यांस को सजीव बनाती है।
Profile Image for Vishy.
811 reviews288 followers
March 25, 2025
I discovered Yashpal last year and got this book, 'Divya', and another book by him. 'Divya' was the shorter of the two, and so I decided to read it now.

The story is set in the India of first century BCE. Divya is the great grand daughter of the Chief Justice. She learns dance from the renowned dancer Devi Mallika, who is the official Art Laureate at the court. Divya is her best student. Three young men are in love with Divya, and they all want to marry her. Divya falls in love with one of them. But then the war intervenes when a neighbouring king invades this country, the lovers get separated because Divya's lover has to go and serve in the army. One thing leads to another and Divya's life turns upside down in unexpected ways. What happens to her and the other characters forms the rest of the story.

When I started reading the book, I thought that the story was set in the 19th century or the early 20th century. I didn't know that it would go all the way back in time to the 1st century BCE. That ancient time is beautifully depicted in the book. I don't know how much of it is based on facts and how much of it is Yashpal's imagination. The lives of Hindus and Buddhists and Greeks, all living together, was interestingly depicted. The popular belief today is that Hindus and Buddhists coexisted peacefully during ancient times, and some Hindus today even believe that Buddhism is a branch of Hinduism. When I was a kid, that was what I was told. Buddha was even regarded as one of the ten avatars of Vishnu. But this book depicts a totally different reality. It shows that Hindus and Buddhists were in frequent conflict atleast in terms of philosophy and ideas, though they all lived together. Sometimes they also fought wars against each other. Some of the Greeks seemed to be still practising the Ancient Greek religion, praying at the temple of Zeus. Other Greeks seemed to have converted to Buddhism. All this was news to me. Of course, we can never tell for sure what happened in ancient times as evidence is scanty, and this is, after all, a work of fiction, and so some of these might be a product of the author's imagination. But one thing we can be sure about is this. The general assumption that during ancient times, people lived peacefully and everything was beautiful, this is definitely not sure. The ancient times were filled with as much rich political intrigue and social complexity as any other time.

The kind of tough times Divya goes through because she is a woman was hard to read. In one scene, things become so hard that Divya escapes and knocks at the door of the Buddhist monastery and tells the monk there that she wants to become a nun. The monk asks her whether she has got the permission of her husband or son or master to become a nun. When she says that she hasn't, the monk says that she can't become a nun without the approval of her guardian. When Divya tells the monk that the Buddha granted shelter to Ambapali, the prostitute, the monk replies that a prostitute is a free woman. That is when Divya discovers that all doors are closed to her and she can't even become a nun. It is a heartbreaking scene. Nothing much had changed since those ancient times till probably the beginning of the 20th century. Things are better now, I think, but still a lot needs to change.

I loved the way the character of Divya is depicted, gentle and strong. The way she stands her ground when things were going tough was very inspiring.

One of my favourite parts of the book was when Divya, her friend and protector, Ratnaprabha, and their friend Marish, one of the young men who is in love with Divya, have a long conversation about the meaning of life, about the importance of the here and the now, and whether one should enjoy life now or postpone it to a future life. It was a very pleasurable conversation. Another of my favourite parts of the book was when the monk Cheebuk and Prithusen, another young man who was in love with Divya, have a long conversation about fear, hate, power, and the meaning of life. It is very beautiful.

I loved reading 'Divya'. I was expecting a 19th century novel and I got an ancient historical novel in return. Yashpal's style is simple and spare (atleast in translation, don't know how the original Hindi is) and his research brings back those ancient times vividly. The lives of Hindus, Buddhists, and Greeks during those ancient times when they lived together was fascinating to read. I just have one complaint. After defying convention till nearly the end, in the last page Yashpal bows to pressure, and slips, and gives a predictable ending to the story. I won't tell you what it is. You need to read the book to find out. It was a bit disappointing for me. Till the last page, the book was amazing. Even that ending was not bad. It was just a little bit disappointing for me.

Happy to have read my first Yashpal book. Hoping to read more.

Sharing some of my favourite parts from the book.

#Quote1

"The drumming of rain was so incessant that it dulled all other sounds of the night. Anshu thought, 'Every drop of rain makes its own little sound as it falls to the earth but taken together, they become just a dull monotone. Even so, each sorrow produces its own pain, but innumerable sorrows, all coming together, incapacitate a person from feeling anything, from experiencing pain."

#Quote2

"The tiny flame of hope which she had carried with such care, sheltering it from the winds that blew on all sides, had been extinguished by a mere puff of wind."

#Quote3

Marish : "Devi, would it give you greater satisfaction if you touched your nose, not directly, but circuitously by stretching your arm round the back of your neck?"

Ratnaprabha : "What a curious question! Why do you ask?"

Marish : "Because abstinence in this world, in the hope of getting greater opportunities of enjoyment in the next one, is no abstinence at all. According to your way of thinking, abstinence is the price you are paying for the pleasures of your next birth. If you wish to indulge yourself in the pleasures of life, then do so while you still have the means. There is nothing to be gained by depriving yourself. The next world is only a figment of the imagination. No one has ever seen it. The person who assures you about its existence is only repeating what others have told him, and those others too have been doing the same. No one has given evidence of its existence after seeing it with his own eyes. In everyday life, we do not accept such evidence. Is it wise, therefore, to sacrifice the tangible for a figment of our imagination?"

Have you read 'Divya'? What do you think about it?
Profile Image for Kumar Harsh.
21 reviews1 follower
March 30, 2017
This story is one of those which very deeply portraits how women has been treated unequally, with a very embedded instinct of feeling it as natural. The women are such deprived of freedom in the normal high-class society, that she rather accepts to be a 'body-seller' (prostitute seems abusive) who is free for her will. Society has developed with such mentality that she doesn't even aspire to protest against her situations, she simply surrenders to the misery & accepts misery is her life. Once breaking herself away from norms of society, she achieves sparkling fame though empty inside due to the past.
The writer also talks about the natural purpose of feminine, being the energy; the 'Adi Shakti'. The purpose of being the nourisher, to which even women can't deny.
The story has been given a background of a clash between caste-system, and aspirations of the lower caste to rise and gain equal status in society. It also indirectly discusses consequences of both.

Overall with its tough, generally not used Hindi words, conversations with finer and broader meaning, this book is both joy and challenge to read.
1 review
Want to read
March 16, 2020
Novel hits the Social order of the 1 c bc ...where hindu and Buddhist ideologies are raging wars to gain supremacy. It shows a heart wrenching experience of a woman who is the titular character Divya. After reading it you can relate it with our present social order and position of women in society....nothing has changed much.
Profile Image for Utsav Srivastav.
13 reviews
July 8, 2020
A widow women's struggle for identity in the society. The slavery system in ancient times and weather women's likes and wish really matter. This books is one of the bold commentary by author. written in sanskrit flavoured Hindi. Hindi readers should read it once.
Profile Image for Vipin Kumar.
35 reviews2 followers
April 19, 2022
स्त्री स्वत्व

ऐतिहासिक पृष्ठभूमि लगभग 2300 वर्ष पुराने सामाजिक पृष्ठभूमि पर लिखा गया यह उपन्यास उस समय के सामाजिक परिवेश राजनीतिक और आर्थिक स्थितियों पर विचार-विमर्श करता है परंतु मुख्यतःयह उस काल में स्त्री विमर्श पर एक रोचक उपन्यास है
Profile Image for Anil Sathyan.
6 reviews9 followers
May 28, 2020
Fantabulous ... Being an atheist myself, enjoyed every bit of it .
Reminds me of kiran nagarkar in his historical fictions.
Profile Image for Divya Pal.
601 reviews3 followers
April 11, 2023
यह इतनी शानदार और विलक्षण पुस्तक है। परन्तु इसकी संस्कृतनिष्ठ हिंदी को शब्दकोश की सहायता के बिना पढ़ना असंभव है। मैंने इसका गीतात्मक पाठ को प्रकट रूप से पढ़ते हुए भाषा का लययुक्त आनंद प्राप्त किया। हमारी विरासत, संस्कृति व ���ुंदर भाषा से हमें गर्वित होना चाहिए ।
यह उपन्यास ऐतिहासिक कथाओं का एक शानदार उदाहरण है जो बौद्ध धर्म और जाति-आधारित कर्मकांड वाले हिंदू धर्म के बीच फूट को दर्शाता है। यह आक्रमणकारी अप्रवासी यवनों (यूनानियों) और उस समय के द्विज 'भारतीयों' के बीच राजनीतिक संघर्ष को भी दर्शाता है।
कहानी के ऐतिहासिक संदर्भ के बारे में वर्णन मनोरंजक और बहुत ज्ञानवर्धक है। कथानक एक प्रतिभाशाली और लाड़-प्यार में पली उच्च-वर्ण की युवती के कष्टों के बारे में है: उसे उस समय प्रचलित सामाजिक दबावों - जैसे की वर्ग-भेद व नारी की अवस्था मात्र एक भोज्ञ-वस्तु का होना के प्रचलन के आगे झुकना पड़ता है। तत्कालीन समाज में प्रचलित दास प्रथा को सूचित करते हुए ‘जन्म का अपराध’ व वर्णव्यवस्था की कुरीतियों पर प्रश्न उठाया है जिसमें लेखक ने रूढ़िवादी परंपरा के अवगुण पर तीक्ष्ण प्रहार किया है। बौद्धकालीन परिवेश और संस्कृति की पृष्ठभूमि में निर्मित उपन्यास बौद्ध संस्कृति, समाज, कला और दर्शन की अविस्मरणीय गाथा को प्रस्तुत किया है।
कुछ रमणीय अंश
क्षत्रिय स्वर्ण-खचित शुभ वस्त्र धारण किये थे। ऊंची नाक के नीचे मूंछे दो बिच्छुओं के डंक की भांति गालों की ओर चढ़ी हुई थीं । उनके कानों, कंठ, भुजा एंड कलाइयों पर रत्नजटित आभूषण थे। विस्तृत वक्षस्थल से सूक्ष्म कटी तक शरीर चुस्त अँगरखों में मढ़े थे। कटि से जानु तक काँछ कसे अन्तरवासक। पिंडलियों और पाँव पादत्राणों में कसे हुए थे। कटी से रत्नजटित मूठ के खडक झूल रहे थे।
उत्सव में विशिष्ट परिधान में सजी कुलनारियों के आकर्षक रूप का बड़ा ही लालित्यपूर्ण चित्रांकन किया गया है
कुछ नारियों के प्रसाधन और वेश-विन्यास में विशेष लालित्य था। मुक्त-लड़ियों द्वारा विविध प्रकार से गुंथे गए उनके केशों पर पुष्पों के अर्धचंद्र किरीट शोभायमान थे। मस्तक, कान, कंठ, बाहुमूल, कलाई और अँगुलियों चन्द्रिका, तूलिका लेखन, कुण्डल, हार, माला, अंगद, वाले और अँगूठियों से सज्जित थे। उनके कन्धों पर अनेक बल खाये झीने उत्तरीय के नीचे मेरुदंड पर गाँठ बांधे कंचुक वस्त्र, सम्मुख वक्ष की ओर फेल का, सुचिक्कण वर्तुलों में उभर आये थे। ऊपर पुष्ट उरोज और पुष्ट नितम्ब। डमरू मध्य के समान कटी पर स्वर्ण की मेखलाएं रत्नजटित्त निविबंध से तीन लड़ियाँ में कटी, नितम्ब के मध्य एंड अधोभाग की परिक्रमा करवर्त्तुल आकारों को स्पष्ट कर रही थीं।
और उदहारण
इस समय अभ्यर्थना के आदेश का प्रयोजन जान कर उसका मन विरक्त हो उठा। स्वर्णखचित रक्त कौशेय से अपने गुम्फित केश बंधे माथे पर श्वेत चन्दन के खौर में रक्त-तिलक लगाए रुद्रधीर उसकी कल्पना में दिखने लगा। उसके उत्त्तरीय के नीचे यज्ञोपवित लटक रहा था परन्तु हाथ में खड्ग खींचे वह पृथुसेन को दिव्या के शिविका में कन्धा लगाने से बरज रहा था। ...

“बहुद्रष्टा, उदार, महापण्डित, धर्मस्थ का सम्पन्न प्रासाद.......विद्या और संस्कृति का श्रेष्ठ केन्द्र था । उस प्रासाद में श्रृति-स्मृति, दर्शन, न्याय और तर्क का मन्थन वर्णाश्रम नीति के पण्डितों, यवन दार्शनिकों और बौद्ध भिक्षुओं द्वारा मत-निर्णय और गोष्ठी-सुख के लिये भी निरंतर होता रहता है ।” ...

देवी मल्लिका ने भी संग्राम-यज्ञ में धन के बलि देकर सहयोग दिया था। उसके चतुश्शल में भी संगीत और नृत्य के मध्य में सैनिक कार्य और शासन से संभंध रखनेवाले राजपुरुषों में युद्ध का प्रसंग आरंभ हो जाता। वक्त और श्रोता हाथ में चषक लिए ललित-कला का लास्य भूल कर युद्ध की विभीषिका के विवेचन में आत्मविस्मृत हो जाते। जीवन के आनंद से जीवन के रक्षा के चिंता अधिक प्रबल हो जाती। सुरा का प्रभाव बढ़ने पर विवेचना प्रायः प्रलाप के रूप ले लेती। पृथुसेन सुनता और प्रलाप करने वाले की मूर्खता और कायरता से उद्धिग्न हो मौन रह जाता। ...

निद्रा भांग होने पर छाया ने देखा घाम फैल चुकी थी। विलम्ब तक सोने के लज्जा में वह वस्त्रों को संभलकर उठ कड़ी हुई। हेमन्त के तुहिन आवृत सूर्य के सुखद रंगीन किरणें गवाक्ष से आकर दिव्या के पीत मुख पर पड़ रही थीं। वह गाढ़ी निद्रा में थी। उसका श्वास गति से चल रहा था। स्वामिनी की निद्रा भांग होने की आशंका से आहाट न कर छाया कक्ष से निकली। स्वामिनी की गत रात्रि की वेदना का वृत्तान्त माँ धाता से कहने वह अन्तःपुर के उद्यान के उस पार आर्य घृति शर्मा के कक्ष की ओर गयी। ...

"शरीर नश्वर और अस्थायी है? देवी अमरता चाहती हो? अच्छा कहो, अपने चारों ओर जितने पदार्थ तुम देख पाती हो, उनमें से कितने सदा एक रूप, एक रास, एक गंध रहते हैं? जिसे तुम नाश कहती हो, वह केवल परिवर्तन है। अमरता का अर्थ है अपरिवर्तन। कल्पना करो, संसार में कोई परिवर्तन न हो? उस संसार में क्या सुख और आकर्षण होगा?"
कुछ क्षण विचार में मौन रहकर रत्नप्रभा बोली, "आर्य सत्य कहते हैं, अपरिवर्तनशील संसार सुखदायक न होगा !"
मारिश बोला, "और फिर मनुष्य अमर है। सहस्र-सहर वर्षों से चली आई मनुष्य के परम्परा ही उसकी अमरता है। ...

जीवन के उत्साह और आशा की नवविकसित मंजरी की भाँति रुप, सौरभ और स्फूर्ति का स्पंदन बरसाती दिव्या की मूर्ती उसकी कल्पना में जाग उठती। ...

समृद्ध जान शिविकाओं, रथों, और अश्वों पर संध्याविनोद के लिए पुष्करिणी, उद्यान अथवा नर्तकियों के स्थानों की ओर जा रहे थे ।
कहानी कुछ-कुछ Tess of the D'Urbervilles से मिलती जुलती है। एक त्रुटि दिखाई दी - Zeus यवनों के देवता थे, देवी नहीं ।
1 review
September 14, 2022
Good
This entire review has been hidden because of spoilers.
1 review
January 28, 2025
Best novel
This entire review has been hidden because of spoilers.
1 review
March 5, 2021
Really good
This entire review has been hidden because of spoilers.
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