There are few terms in contemporary politics that hide and evoke ways of making sense of our world and what that world should look like that ‘diversity’. In one sense, like ‘resilience’, it hides and justifies much of the outlook that prioritises individual action and responsibility for making our world a better place, while at the same time limiting structural change to tweaking at the margins of the conditions of living. In another sense, ‘diversity’ is also a fair description of the society in which we live and of how we should look to engage with it. Despite the range of people many of us are likely to or actually do meet with on a regular basis, for the most part the most intense parts of our individual social worlds remain like us. What is more, in these complex social worlds where there is obvious discrimination it is all too easy to settle on a view that it is a big, complex problem that is beyond me to address or bring about any change. Yet the irony of all this is that attitudes towards difference are most inclusive in areas of most diversity, whereas the fear of the other is most strong in the areas of least difference.
June Sarpong, well known in the UK and USA as a high profile media figure mixing with the rich and powerful, is in an unusual place to make a case about the effects of difference in everyday lives: she seems, from the outside, to live in a rarefied world lacking diversity in many ways, and she is – until we look at her ‘backstory’. A black working class woman and daughter of migrants brought up in east London, who attended her local state school, with no obvious indication of formal higher education who began work in youth oriented broadcast media: here is a woman who seems to have lived the Horatio Alger life – yet she does not fall into the ‘you can be anything you want’ claims, retaining a powerful sense of the barriers and challenges involved in ‘making it’ in our current socio-economic world.
It is not surprising however that when she ventures into print to explore ways to make our world more diverse, she means our individual social worlds, and she means how do we as individuals bring about that change: her sense of barriers is mitigated by an outlook that seems to see our current world as flawed, but not the problem. She presents a case that liberal democracy is sound but flawed by a process of ‘othering’ that turns on several key faultlines: class, gender, sexuality, bodily ability, age and outlook. There is no specific exploration of ‘race’ as a distinct category, by my reading in part because race/ethnicity are such pervasive distinctions that it makes more sense from an action oriented outlook to see them as characteristics that build difference into these other categories, especially class & gender, in part because race/ethnicity are so pervasive that it makes sense for her to avoid being depicted as black woman talking about ‘race’, in the current climate that the becomes an easy way to marginalise dissident voices, and in part because discussion of race/ethnicity are all too easy have skewed into a homogenising claim that it is up to 'them', the other, to fit to the ‘mainstream’ rather than work for mutual exchange and engagement. That is not to say that race/ethnicity is ignored – much of the discussion of ‘othered’ men focussed on people of colour. For many, this approach is likely to be unsettling, but it should also be welcomed as an attempt to recast an increasingly fixed position debate.
Sarpong’s approach is intended to be engaging and designed to build action by individuals to increase the difference within their social worlds; this is welcome – too much of this literature is (often abstractly) analytical or big picture focused, leaving many with a sense of ‘what can I do?’ This approach does, however, mean that at times I felt a bit like I was reading a self-help title, which might be a bit harsh and is most likely a product of her efforts to humanise and personalise the issue: it is difficult with these goals not to fall into self-improvement inflected style. That said, it certainly makes the book engaging and accessible, makes the suggestions for action and reflection clear and achievable – Sarpong isn’t looking for us to lead mass action, just to make changes in our daily lives, especially where those changes can have structural effects. The book has good suggestions for things to do, and draws on a solid research base. It is also peppered with a healthy dose of critical self-reflection.
If you’re concerned about the ways we so often seem to talk past each other, if we even talk to or engage with people not like us, this is a good place to start to give some substance to some of the more high-level analyses.