Fernando António Nogueira Pessoa was a poet and writer.
It is sometimes said that the four greatest Portuguese poets of modern times are Fernando Pessoa. The statement is possible since Pessoa, whose name means ‘person’ in Portuguese, had three alter egos who wrote in styles completely different from his own. In fact Pessoa wrote under dozens of names, but Alberto Caeiro, Ricardo Reis and Álvaro de Campos were – their creator claimed – full-fledged individuals who wrote things that he himself would never or could never write. He dubbed them ‘heteronyms’ rather than pseudonyms, since they were not false names but “other names”, belonging to distinct literary personalities. Not only were their styles different; they thought differently, they had different religious and political views, different aesthetic sensibilities, different social temperaments. And each produced a large body of poetry. Álvaro de Campos and Ricardo Reis also signed dozens of pages of prose.
The critic Harold Bloom referred to him in the book The Western Canon as the most representative poet of the twentieth century, along with Pablo Neruda.
“No me anduve con miramientos, te aseguro, amigo mío, que no me paré a pensar en los medios, empleé todo cuanto estaba en mis manos, el acaparamiento, la ingeniería contable, la lógica financiera, la propia competencia desleal… ¿Y por qué no? Si estaba luchando contra las ficciones sociales, inmorales y antinaturales por excelencia, ¿por qué tenía que detenerme en las formas? Yo que trabajaba por la libertad, ¿por qué tenía que preocuparme por las armas con las que combatía la tiranía?”
Antes de que unos políticos conservadores nos sorprendieran una vez más con lo de siempre, Pessoa ya jugó hace justamente un siglo con el concepto de libertad: “En mí -sí, en mí, banquero, gran comerciante, especulador si usted quiere-, en mí la teoría y la práctica del anarquismo están unidas y ambas son correctas y coherentes”. No se le puede negar a Pessoa mucho sentido del humor. Y a los libertarios conservadores contemporáneos tampoco se les puede negar la coherencia.