Dieser Band enthält: Essays über Politik, Literatur und Kunst; Berichte aus der Dritten Welt vor 1933, Spanien 1937, Deutschland 1945; Reportagen über den Bergbau, englische Kolonialoffiziere, die Penner von London; autobiographische Notizen und Bekenntnisse.
Eric Arthur Blair was an English novelist, poet, essayist, journalist and critic who wrote under the pen name of George Orwell. His work is characterised by lucid prose, social criticism, opposition to all totalitarianism (both fascism and stalinism), and support of democratic socialism.
Orwell is best known for his allegorical novella Animal Farm (1945) and the dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949), although his works also encompass literary criticism, poetry, fiction and polemical journalism. His non-fiction works, including The Road to Wigan Pier (1937), documenting his experience of working-class life in the industrial north of England, and Homage to Catalonia (1938), an account of his experiences soldiering for the Republican faction of the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939), are as critically respected as his essays on politics, literature, language and culture.
Orwell's work remains influential in popular culture and in political culture, and the adjective "Orwellian"—describing totalitarian and authoritarian social practices—is part of the English language, like many of his neologisms, such as "Big Brother", "Thought Police", "Room 101", "Newspeak", "memory hole", "doublethink", and "thoughtcrime". In 2008, The Times named Orwell the second-greatest British writer since 1945.
In this essay written in 1945, George Orwell is concerned with the concept of revenge. Is the desire for revenge rational? When can it be justified, and to what degree? How does the desire to punish offenders correlate with the facts on the ground? Does revenge need to (kind of) adapt to volatile and complex reality?
In the immediate aftermath of WWII, the author concludes that there is usually a negative correlation between the desire for revenge and the actual ability to punish the enemy for what they did. The desire for vengeance is the strongest when one is helpless. The urge to take vengeance subsides as the enemy ceases to be threatening and is eventually vanquished. When your recent enemy is harmless, the idea of doing something hurtful in retaliation loses its meaning.
As the author points out, "Properly speaking, there is no such thing as revenge. Revenge is an act which you want to commit when you are powerless and because you are powerless: as soon as the sense of impotence is removed, the desire evaporates also." To put it another way, revenge is ultimately to prove futile in many cases.
Orwell's arguments are persuasive, albeit it would be fair to add that the subject discussed is somewhat controversial. I think it would be difficult to make any conclusions out of context.
Two or three of the essays collected here are only very good; the rest are magnificent. He begins with an autobiographical note in which he reveals that Somerset Maugham was the writer who influenced him the most. That came as a bit of a surprise. (It doesn't take much to win my heart.)
This is followed by reminiscences of the Spanish War. He fought in the war and (not surprisingly) what made the greatest impression on him where the lies that people – on each side – would tell about it. A theme he would come back to in his famous novel. The newspaper would report on battles that never happened. Everyone believed the reports about atrocities committed by the enemy and refused to believe anything that cast doubt on the actions of their own side.
The title essay is very touching. It is about the wish to have revenge and the fact that many people when the occasion arises just do not feel the urge to do what they have wanted to do anymore. (Yesterday I watched Nuremberg about the Nazi trials, and in one of the subplots an American soldier, a Jew born in Germany, says that he intends to tell Streicher who claimed he could smell a Jew the truth in them moment he is about to be hanged. And then he does not.)
The Confessions of a Book Reviewer is hilariously funny. You definitely do not want to live having to do book reviews to pay the rent. (And here we are, stupid Goodreaders, doing reviews for free.)
The most amazing essay however offers Some Thoughts of the Common Toad. This is simply beautiful. You think of Orwell as a frustrated intellectual, despairing at the flood of lies and evil in the world. And here he talks about the beauty of nature in a way that you almost suspect he is doing a parody. I am inclined to think though, that he is completely serious.
The longest essays are on Gulliver’s travels and on Tolstoy’s view of Shakespeare. He describes Swift as being a reactionary and the quotations he presents let you come to the conclusion that he certainly was not a likeable fellow and his famous book must be a bad one. This would be wrong conclusion. Orwell tells us that he has read the book often and sees it as one of the six most important books ever written. In reality then this is about appreciating a piece of art while disagreeing with the character of the author and the contents of the art. A very useful lecture.
I have some respect for people who have views that are different from the one you and I have. Scaruffi claiming the Beatles are not very good. Nabokov saying Dostoevsky is overrated. Here Orwell talks about an essay by Tolstoy where he tries to prove that Shakespeare was a man of no talent. That the fact that he is regarded as the greatest of all writers is in fact a fabrication of some German intellectuals of the 18th century and that people believing in Shakespeare are the victims of some kind of mass delusion (like the people in the Netherlands in the 16th century with their love for tulips.)
I admire the people who believe the Earth is flat for their braveness. However, that does not mean I think they are not crazy. And the same is true for Tolstoy. And yet. How do I know that Shakespeare was a genius? Luckily, Wittgenstein had the answer. We can, he said (Vermischte Bemerkungen), be certain of Shakespeare’s genius only because we have Milton’s testimony, for he was certainly incorruptible.
I don't even know what to think of this it's definitely interesting but I'm not sure to which extend I agree with George Orwell on this topic given that it's very complex and I've never really thought about it that much
‘Revenge is Sour’ is one of George Orwell’s many essays. Orwell tries to make sense of how deep revenge runs, for horrific acts carried out by the Nazis. Does revenge become less dire once the perpetrators have been caught and it is therefore possible to achieve revenge.
“Somehow the punishment of these monsters ceases to seem attractive when it becomes possible: indeed, once under lock and key, they almost cease to be monsters”. We’ll all have opinions on this one.
one of my favourites!!! it makes me think of that image of mussolini in the morgue with claretta petacci - and just in general about how these terrible dictators can be reduced to nothing so quickly. also, how these people were considered so great during their time - but when we look back on their actions, we realise how far cunning (not exactly intelligence) got them. anyway, much to think about when reading this one!!
Wie es bei so vielen Essays ja auch nahe liegt, sind manche sehr gut und manche weniger gut gealtert.
Der Rückblick auf den spanischen Bürgerkrieg ragt heraus und wäre alleine für sich genommen fünf Punkte wert. Manche andere Essays hingegen wirken leider etwas angestaubt.