Kent Haruf is high on my list of favorite authors and 'The Tie That Binds' is the fourth of his novels that I have read. Each time I lose myself in one of Mr. Haruf's novels, I struggle to express just what it is about his novels that never fails to so deeply move me. The novels, which take place in fictional Holt on the eastern plains of Colorado, demonstrate the bleakness of that barren land. Yet somehow, through Mr. Haruf's spare and poetic language, I can still see the beauty HE finds in that harsh landscape. But I think what appeals to me most about Kent Haruf's novels is the richness of his characters.
The title of this book, I think, is particularly significant and has left me pondering the meaning of the words 'duty' and 'devotion'. What exactly IS our duty to the people which make up our families? And what quality is it that certain people have which compels them to take on the responsibility of duty and devotion to such an extent that they seem willing to sacrifice their OWN lives and potential for self-fulfillment, without regret and bitterness?
The story begins at the hospital bedside of 80 year-old Edith Goodnough. Although this is the story of the Goodnough family (Edith in particular), Edith is NOT the narrator of her story. The story is told by neighbor, Sanders Roscoe. Sanders is the middle-aged son of John Roscoe, a man who had played an important role in Edith Goodnough's life. From the first page, Sanders makes clear that Edith, in the hospital after a tragic fire at her family's farm, has been charged with murder. Who was Edith accused of murdering? Well. you'll have to read the book to discover that. But to understand how this 80 year-old woman came to be in a hospital bed guarded by a police officer, you need to gain an understanding of the Goodnough family history… and this is where Sanders Roscoe begins the story. Edith Goodnough was the first born child of Roy and Ada Goodnough, who migrated west to Holt, Colorado from Cedar County, Iowa in 1896. I'm not sure what Roy and Ada were expecting of their new life in the eastern plains of Colorado, but life was extremely hard.. the kind of hard life that can crush the spirit. Ada was never a hearty woman with a strong constitution so the life which she discovered in Holt was especially difficult for her. She gave birth to two children… Edith and Lyman.. and with each passing year, Ada seemed to disappear a little more. As Sanders Roscoe described… " So in the family album, while Edith and Lyman are growing up, their mother, Ada, seems to be sinking down. In one picture after another, she looks smaller, shorter, thinner. Her cheeks suck into bone, her thin brown hair turns to sparse gray…. By 1913,in what must be the last picture taken of her… Ada looks like she might be her husband's mother…." Finally, Ada passed away in 1914, leaving behind her barely adolescent aged son and daughter… leaving them behind with their father Roy, a harsh,tyrannical man who seemed to regard his wife and children as merely chattel, certainly NEVER cherished members of his family.
The death of a mother is a traumatic event for any child but for Edith and Lyman it was probably the event that defined the rest of their lives. This was particularly true for Edith. She was quickly thrust into her mother's position in the family, needing to take on her mother's responsibilities AND trying to protect Lyman as much as she could from Roy's wrath. There was no more education for Edith… her days were filled with backbreaking chores and responsibilities. The years went by and despite her hardships, Edith also possessed a cherished dream or two. She had fallen in love with John Roscoe, a young man from a neighboring farm; and for the first time in her life, she began to dream of a future… one that belonged solely to her.
Dreams are what give people hope.. dreams perhaps of a future much different from the life they are currently experiencing. Dreams give meaning and they are what allow people to carry on through tremendous adversity. Edith's dreams were what gave HER hope…. that is until the day of a horrific accident on the farm. It turned out to be an accident that seemed only to remind Edith of her duty and obligations to her father and brother and their farm. Edith told herself that her dream of marrying John Roscoe had simply been just that.. a dream. It wouldn't have worked out anyway because Lyman truly NEEDED her.. she was the only buffer standing between Lyman and her father's anger and harsh cruelty.
With her dreams deferred, Edith settled into the life she had always known, helping with the farm and caring for Lyman and Roy. John Roscoe went on to marry another woman and had a son; and finally, Lyman was able to work up his courage and he escaped from his father and the crushing hardship of farm work. Edith… well, she was left alone with Roy and she waited… and waited, only looking forward to the picture postcards which Lyman sent to her to announce his travels across the country in his new Pontiac. Edith lived vicariously through Lyman and his travels and still she waited. As Sanders again described.. "… Edith Goodnough stayed home. And if you figure it up; if you do your arithmetic from those chiseled dates in the cemetery, then you know that Edith was seventeen when her mother died in 1914; she was fifty-five when the old man died; and she was sixty-four when Lyman finally returned. It amounts to a lifetime of staying home."
With Roy dead and Lyman back on the farm, you're probably wondering if Edith finally had the opportunity to create a life of her own… one which didn't include suffocating responsibilities. Well NO.. no she did NOT. Fate seemed particularly cruel to Edith Goodnough. But the amazing thing about this story and this character is that I could never really think of Edith as a tragic figure. Her life appeared grueling and confining but she was never a woman who gave in to self-pity. I can't say she seemed particularly happy; but she did possess a quality, which maybe in her difficult life was more important. She carried about her an air of if not contentment, then certainly one of acceptance. Her life was simply HER life.. it was the life that was given to her and she didn't seem to spend any time railing against it or questioning it.
I can't say that Edith's story ends well but what you WILL see is that, in the end, Edith made a choice that ultimately loosens the ties that have bound her for her entire life. Whichever way things go, Edith will finally be free. It seems to me that those 'ties that bind' can be constructed of love, loyalty and devotion which LOOSELY keep us connected to family; or they can be constructed of steel, which end up crushing us.. crushing our spirits. It was fascinating to see just which outcome Edith ultimately chose.