I have to admit that I was a tad intimidated when I began reading "House Divided"--it clocks in at 1,519 pages after all. If you are a fan of great literature, an in-depth story line, well developed characters, and thought provoking conflict stay with it though. I'm glad I did! Ok, now that disclaimer is out of the way.
Ben Williams introduces us to the world of the Currains. They are rich, powerful land-barons with plantations in Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Tony, Cinda, Travis, Tilda, and Faunt...along with their assorted children & spouses...make up the majority of the fictional story. Cinda and her husband Brett purchase a home in Richmond before the war starts, so much of the story focuses on Virginia's reluctance to secede, and then the impact the war has on her citizens. I found alot of food for thought in the descriptions of debate leading up to secession, and see many parallels to debates and divides that have occurred since then. Consider Faunt's cautioning statement "The North has been told so many things that aren't true, and so has the South, that we're beginning to believe them. When lies are repeated often enough even wise men begin to accept them. Most of the evil we believe about the North is probably as false as most of the evil they believe about us." A few weeks later Brett gives a similar sentiment. "There's been so much bitter, passionate talk, we're probably bound to come to blows. I wish more Southerners knew the North as I do, knew its power and capacities. They wouldn't be so ready to believe in our superiority. Nor so ready to hate Northerners. I suppose anyone who begins to be sure that he's a better man than his neighbor is just confessing his own ignorance; and probably it's out of ignorance and the feeling of superiority that goes with it that most wars arise."
Most people did not share those sentiments though, and so the politicians continued to feed the flames of hate and further divide the nation until the inevitable Battle of Fort Sumter ignited full blown war. Into that war marched most men aged 17-45. Ironically most of them (around 95%) had never owned a single slave. Many of them didn't have a clear concept of what they were fighting for. They just wanted to support their state and their neighbors. For each of the young men, there was a grieving mother at home, and Cinda gives poignant words to their fear. "Children grow up," she said. "We'd like to keep them sheltered and protected; but to do so would be to rob them of half of life itself. To hide, to hug safety, to spend nothing of yourself--a man who did that might continue to exist for a thousand years. But--he'd never live! To live is to strive and to venture and to win--or to lose. To live is to assume responsibilities when you should, to accept duty, to love. To earn your own respect and the love of those you love is to make yourself terribly vulnerable to loss and grief; but--its worth it, Brett Dewain."
Williams, in the midst of the horrors of war, does an excellent job of depicting love as well. He shows the long-lasting, grounding love of happily married people (Brett and Cinda), he shows energetic new love (Vesta and Tommy), he shows strained love (Travis and Enid), and he even explores forbidden love (Faunt/Mrs. Albion & Tony/Sapphira). He also talks of the love between mothers and their children, as well as the love siblings have for each other. It almost feels deliberate...the way Williams paints war in broad brush strokes, and then shows intimate personal relationships between various characters. He finally acknowledges this contrast on page 967. "By thinking of battle in terms of generals, the civilian shut his mind to the agonies of individuals; and as long as he never visited a battlefield, he could continue to do so. Longstreet wondered whether, if politicians were set to the task of cleaning up the debris of battle, hurrying to bury the dead men before maggots and beetles and rats and foxes and hogs devoured them, moving bodies which had swollen and burst after a day in the sun, they would be quite so ready to lead a people to war."
It doesn't take long (perhaps 12-18 months) for the valiant ideology which spawned the war to be replaced by the drudgery of day to day battle. The men became gaunt as they marched hundreds of miles, faced battle upon battle, and dealt with short rations. The women had to manage tasks they never thought of before (such as running a plantation, and balancing financial books) while also volunteering at food distribution centers, making bandages, and staffing hospitals for the wounded. They lost sight of why the war started, and doubted an end to the fighting would ever come. Trav pondered that "War was a disease, which just as smallpox sweeps a city sometimes swept a nation. War was a disease of the human heart, changing the heart's beat and pulse and all its functioning, making gentle men into murders, entering into the hearts of men to turn them mad. Diseases came from none knew where; men were stricken or not; they lived or they died. It was so with war, the worst disease of all." General Longstreet has a more specific idea of why they are still fighting though. He is incidentally the Great Uncle of Ben Williams, and his words have a clear warning for us today. "Lies are the tools of politicians." Longstreet spoke sternly. "Good tools, too; because you can never catch up with a lie. And a lie is usually more interesting than the truth, so it's listened to more readily. The politicians feed us lies till they persuade us we believe things we really don't believe at all. It's their talk, poured into our ears or thrown at us by the newspapers, that brought us into this war. People will always be easily led to war as long as they believe what they hear and what they read, instead of thinking for themselves. And of course the lie most easily believed is that they're better than other men. The abolitionists think they're better than we are, and we thinking we're better than they are. So we're all fighting to prove it."
That sentiment is the heart of "House Divided". Williams deftly showed us how *Americans*, many of whom were related, were led to believe there was an unreachable divide between them, and then bitterly fought for 4 years, while hundreds of thousands of young men died or were maimed to prove their side of the divide was right. He showed that often the ones who fight and die are not the ones who created the conflict, and aren't even the ones who stand to benefit. The saddest lesson of all is that since the ones who start wars don't generally fight as infantry, they never feel truly beaten....and so the cycle continues to this day.
I highly recommend this novel. Given 5 stars or "Perfect."