In the late 19th century, several cases of "fasting girls" occurred in England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. One of the best known was 12-year old Sarah Jacob, who was rumored not to have ingested food or water for almost two years yet seemingly in good health. The religious (or superstitious) locals began to flock to her bedside, believing that they were witnessing a miracle. As word spread, visitors from further afield, including journalists, scientists, and medical experts, arrived in the small Welsh town. Ultimately, a commission comprised of five doctors and four nurses convened to "watch" over Sarah to determine the truth. After two weeks, her health took a sharp turn for the worst, yet no one--not the nurses, the doctors, the vicar, nor Sarah's parents--offered her food or water. When the subject came up, as it did when a distraught uncle begged Sarah's father to allow her to be fed, Evan Jacob refused. When Sarah died, her parents were put on trial for manslaughter. The assumption was that the gifts and money left by visitors were such a temptation that they were willing to risk their daughter's life, hoping she would live until the end of the watch so that these 'holy visitations' could continue, to their profit.
Varley O'Connor's key character is not the fasting girl herself but a character she invents: Christine Thomas, a budding American journalist whose husband, James, was lost in the Civil War and presumed dead. Christine accepts a commission from a large newspaper to investigate the case at first hand, leaving her adult children behind. Dispersed throughout the novel are letters written to her absent husband as a way to make sense of the events she witnesses. She finds Sarah to be a smart, intelligent child, yet senses an undercurrent of fear, if not evil, in the household. As she befriends Sarah, her mother Hannah, and her strange younger sister Margaret, Christine's suspicions grow. 'The Welsh Fasting Girl' focuses on Christine's investigative work, from her initial arrival in Carmarthen through the the watch, Sarah's death, the trial, and beyond. The people she interviews form a large part of the story: what did they know, when did they know it, and why didn't they step in at some point?
It was difficult to read this novel without bringing to mind Emma Donahue's 'The Wonder,' which centers on an Irish fasting girl. But by bringing in an investigative journalist, 'The Welsh Fasting Girl' goes beyond the simple question of whether or not the girl was sneaking food to the possible psychological reasons behind Sarah's initial refusal of food and the actions of those around her, and the added depth is a big plus. It also reflects on the conflicts of Christine herself: her strained relationships with her children, her difficulty adjusting to the loss of her husband, her need to claim a life of her own and a sense of personal value outside of her family. Today, Sarah Jacob is considered one of the first victims of a newly defined psychological condition, anorexia nervosa. O'Connor has done her research, both on the facts of the actual case and the persons involved, and its psychological underpinnings. Overall, a very fine historical novel.