En Charitram (My Autobiography) by U. Ve. Swaminatha Iyer
UVeSa, as he is commonly known, is a Tamil scholar, who researched and published long lost Tamil classics in the late 19th and early 20th century. In this eminently readable book, he meticulously details his family origins, early life of poverty, the love of Tamil that leads to him becoming a professor of Tamil and the extraordinary battle to publish the first few Tamil classics (story ends at 1899), since he passed away in 1942 before he could complete the rest.
The narration is centred around Kumbakonam and Chennai, a provincial town and the regional capital of British India. During a time when learning English or Sanskrit would have lead to a comfortable life, UVeSa's love of Tamil leads him to an early itinerant lifestyle and frantic attempts to learn Tamil from a few teachers in villages near Kumbakonam. He finally lands at Thiruvadudurai monastery, when the legendary Tamil scholar Meenakshi Sundaram Pillai takes him as his student. After his unexpected demise, the monastery's head Subramaniya Desikar becomes his patron. He lands a job as Tamil professor of Government Arts college in Kumbakonam.
His focus shifts from Hindu religious Tamil texts to Tamil classics (Sanga ilakiyam). He starts with Jeevaka Sintamani, a 10th century Jain text. He collects palm leaf manuscripts of the text and its commentary from various sources. He learns about the religion from practising Jains to do justice to understand the text. He catalogs the sources, cross references them, corrects multiple mistakes and finally publishes Sintamani in 1887.
This leads to further interest in ancient Tamil classics like Pathupattu, Purananuru, Silappadikaram and Manimekalai. UVeSa travels around Tamil Nadu for years to collect the palm leaves. These classics are comparable to Greek classics like Iliad/Odyssey and they would have been very well lost if not for his efforts (one of the classics, Valayapathi is lost forever).
What stands out in the story is that the love of Tamil transcends castes (brahmin, mudaliyar, pillai, chettiar), religions (christians and muslims help UVeSa), language (few Telugu speakers are featured), countries (British and French researchers are introduced as well). UVeSa also describes his interactions with Tamil stalwarts like G. U. Pope, Manonmaniyam Sundaram Pillai, Surya Narayana Sastry, Mayuram Vedanayagam Pillai. This truly must have been the defining age of Tamil classical renaissance.
This is a man who dedicated his entire life to Tamil. He was instrumental in having Tamil recognised as a classical language. He also unleashed a torrent of interest in Tamil research. It is highly surprising that this story is unknown even in Tamil Nadu in India, where Tamil holds a special place amidst Hindi and English.