Popularized in the ‘30s as a powerful weight loss drug, 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) has re-emerged repeatedly in the medical and scientific literature as a weight-loss compound tied to misadventure and death. Hyperbolic claims and scientific illiteracy fuel confusion and misunderstanding about this compound, which was never approved for human use but which may have real therapeutic applications. Addressing the myths with peer-reviewed science, this book provides the chemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of DNP. Also, case reports of human exposure and deaths associated with its use are described. Current research with DNP suggests a potential revival of this molecule as a safe and effective weight-loss drug and a protective agent against a host of diseases.