Sobre la diferenciación social: Investigaciones sociológicas y psicológicas (Dimensión clásica. Teoría social. nº 323017)

by Georg Simmel

El escrito que se ofrece en este volumen constituye el primer libro sociológico de Georg Simmel, inédito hasta ahora en español. Partiendo del principio de que "todo está en un intercambio de efectos con todo”, el sociólogo y filósofo berlinés, que al momento de publicación de este libro tiene 32 años, adelanta temas centrales de sus escritos posteriores, a saber: la consideración de lo social en el dinamismo de su acaecer; el vínculo entre individualismo y cosmopolitismo; el individuo como intersección de los círculos sociales; lo social como un nexo moral así como la tensión entre el individuo y las grandes masas. Estas investigaciones constituyen, sin duda, un aporte fundamental a uno de las pocos hilos conductores de la teoría sociológica que, a través de Herbert Spencer, Émile Durkheim, Norbert Elias, Niklas Luhmann y el propio Simmel, llega hasta nuestros días: la teoría de la diferenciación social.

233 pages, Kindle Edition

First published April 28, 2011

About the author

Georg Simmel was a major German sociologist, philosopher, and critic.

Simmel was one of the first generation of German sociologists: his neo-Kantian approach laid the foundations for sociological antipositivism, asking 'What is society?' in a direct allusion to Kant's question 'What is nature?', presenting pioneering analyses of social individuality and fragmentation. For Simmel, culture referred to "the cultivation of individuals through the agency of external forms which have been objectified in the course of history". Simmel discussed social and cultural phenomena in terms of "forms" and "contents" with a transient relationship; form becoming content, and vice versa, dependent on the context. In this sense he was a forerunner to structuralist styles of reasoning in the social sciences. With his work on the metropolis, Simmel was a precursor of urban sociology, symbolic interactionism and social network analysis. An acquaintance of Max Weber, Simmel wrote on the topic of personal character in a manner reminiscent of the sociological 'ideal type'. He broadly rejected academic standards, however, philosophically covering topics such as emotion and romantic love. Both Simmel and Weber's nonpositivist theory would inform the eclectic critical theory of the Frankfurt School.

Simmel's most famous works today are The Problems of the Philosophy of History (1892), The Philosophy of Money (1907), The Metropolis and Mental Life (1903), Soziologie (1908, inc. The Stranger, The Social Boundary, The Sociology of the Senses, The Sociology of Space, and On The Spatial Projections of Social Forms), and Fundamental Questions of Sociology (1917). He also wrote extensively on the philosophy of Schopenhauer and Nietzsche, as well on art, most notably his book Rembrandt: An Essay in the Philosophy of Art (1916).