In August of 1892, horrific dual murders occurred in the home of Andrew and Abby Borden in Fall Rivers, Massachusetts. At some point on the morning of the murders, while Abby was making the bed in an upstairs bedroom, someone approached and struck her 19 times in the head with a hatchet. About an hour or so later, the killer entered the home's living room where Andrew was napping on the sofa and bludgeoned him to death as well. These gruesome murders ultimately led police to arrest the youngest Borden daughter, Lizzie, and led to a sensational murder trial which captured the attention and imagination of people across America. This murder trial is the subject of this book, 'The Trial of Lizzie Borden' by Cara Robertson. I listened to the audiobook version of this book and the narration was performed by Amanda Carlin.
This book is the result of many years of research by Cara Robertson, a lawyer who began looking into this case as the subject for her Harvard undergraduate thesis. Using transcripts of the Borden murder trial, newspaper accounts from that time and even recently discovered letters written by Lizzie Borden herself, Ms. Robertson skillfully reconstructs the trial, taking the reader painstakingly through numerous witnesses' testimony for both the prosecution and the defense. But in addition to the legal motions and wrangling, Ms. Robertson also provides a sort of commentary not only on the dynamics within the Borden household, but also a commentary about societal views during this time; specifically, the role of women in society and commonly held beliefs about women's temperament and the lack of options available to women for personal fulfillment.. all of which may have contributed to the outcome of this trial.
Although I've read a couple of books and watched a documentary about the Lizzie Borden case, there was much in Cara Robertson's account which held my interest. In discussing the prosecution's evidence, Ms. Robertson described the family dynamics that were present in the Borden household, which can only be described as tense and weird. Andrew and Abby Borden (Andrew's second wife) lived in the home with Andrew's two grown daughters, Emma and Lizzie, and a servant, Bridget Sullivan. Although by all accounts, Andrew Borden was well-off financially, he was also known as miserly. Rather than engaging in a showy display of wealth as other well-to-do people in town did, he chose instead to live frugally in the modest home he had lived in for years. Andrew's tight-fisted ways seemed to be great source of tension in the household since Emma and Lizzie felt this was a sort of stumbling block to their enjoyment of a social life they felt they deserved. In addition, Andrew Borden had purchased a home at his wife's request to be used as a rent-free home for one of her struggling relatives. This gesture enraged Emma and Lizzie and to keep peace in the home, Andrew decided to also purchase property for each of his daughters. Unfortunately, this gesture did not appease Emma and Lizzie and the two, although continuing to live in their father's home, became estranged from their father and engaged only in the politest of conversation with Abby only when it was necessary.
The prosecution made much of the tension in the Borden household at the trial, but would that have been enough to push Lizzie to murder her father and step-mother? Another aspect of the prosecution's case was the circumstances in the borden household the day of the murders... who was present in the home and who had the opportunity and motive to commit the crimes? The prosecution stressed the fact that on that August morning, Lizzie had been the only other member of the household inside the home. Emma had been out of town visiting friends. And the Borden's servant, Bridget, had been sent outside to clean the windows and she testified that while working on that task, she had also spent time socializing with a servant girl from next-door. Although it had been suggested during the investigation that an intruder (a stranger in town) had entered the home and committed the murders, how would the intruder not have been seen by Lizzie? Furthermore, there was a time lapse of about an hour between the murder of Abby and Andrew.. why would an intruder have taken the risk of staying inside the home waiting for an opportunity to commit the second murder? And again, how would he not have been noticed? Plus, the police determined that nothing had been stolen from the home... so what motive would an unknown intruder have to commit two murders?
During the investigative and inquest phases of this case, Lizzie Borden had given many contradictory statements to police. She could not explain what she had been doing during the time the murders had been committed. She placed herself at various locations in the home and on the property; however, at trial, the judge ruled that Lizzie's statements could not be admitted as evidence and this became a definite disadvantage for the prosecution. Also, to the prosecution's detriment was the fact that police had never recovered the hatchet that had been definitively used in the murders. Lizzie was defended by former Massachusetts governor, George Robinson, and his main job was to instill a 'reasonable doubt' about Lizzie's guilt into the minds of the jurors.. all white men, of course. As it turned out, reasonable doubt was apparently not all that difficult to achieve. After a trial which lasted 15 days, the jury returned with a verdict of 'not guilty' after just 90 minutes of deliberation.
This book is perfect for people who enjoy the minutiae of criminal trials. Cara Robertson leads the reader step-by-step through every argument made and every piece of evidence presented. Plus, she adds some fascinating courtroom color.. like the jockeying by the townspeople to obtain seats in the always crowded courtroom; the sensational articles written about the trial by regional newspapers and even the comic relief provided by lowing cows outside of the rural New Bedford courthouse.
One of the aspects of the book that I found most interesting was the societal attitudes towards women in the 1890s. Women were considered the 'fairer sex' by most people in society, even the police and the criminal justice system; and Lizzie Borden's attorney never missed an opportunity to refer to her as an innocent "girl", although at the age of 32, this characterization seemed to stretch credulity. The subtext of this description seemed, of course, to be that Lizzie (and other women, especially of her social class) was simply not capable physically and emotionally of committing such heinous crimes. Instead many people seemed to hold onto the fanciful idea that murders were and looked like monsters and fiends.. and most often their collective suspicion fell on the elusive, unknowable stranger passing through town or on recent immigrants.
Despite the author's thoroughness in presenting the evidence both for and against Lizzie's guilt, I was never convinced she had formed a strong opinion of her own. Although I'm not a lawyer, my opinion about this case has never really changed based on all I have read throughout the years. It seems to me that it is more likely than not that Lizzie Borden did, in fact, murder her parents that August morning although I still can't say I have a clear understanding of her motives. Perhaps it was her frustration over her inability to live a life she felt she was entitled to; or perhaps it was the accumulation of many years of resentment toward her father and step-mother. Regardless of her motives, it seems that her constantly changing explanations about where she was and what she was doing at the time of the murders and the fact that she was the only other person in the home at the time, to me, points to her guilt. Having said that, I can certainly understand why a jury could find reasonable doubt in the prosecution's case. But what struck me while reading this book was just how difficult it must have been at that time to gather enough evidence to convict ANYONE of a crime. In the time before the availability of fingerprint analysis and long before anyone understood the complexity of DNA, it would seem that the only way to be able to prove the guilt of a criminal was if the crime had been clearly witnessed by numerous people.
I DID enjoy reading this account of the Lizzie Borden murder trial even though I was familiar with much of what I read from other sources. More than 100 years after these crimes, this case is every bit as sensational and fascinating as it was then.