An ethnographic manual not only teaches the practical methods for how to perform an ethnography, but also begins to guide its readers into the mode of thinking ethnographically. As a handbook, Ethnography: Step-by-Step leans a bit heavily on the positivistic side of research, focused on external behaviors rather than on conceptual work, whether on the side of the observer or on the side of those being observed. However, it is a general guide, not linked strongly to any particular ethnographic tradition, so perhaps this approach is appropriate.