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Принцип чистого разума с комментариями и пояснениями
Иммануил Кант одна из самых влиятельных и ключевых фигур в истории философии и европейской мысли, основатель немецкой классической философии и критического идеализма, мыслитель, по степени влияния стоящий рядом с Платоном и Аристотелем. Он совершил революцию в философии, постулируя необходимую взаимосвязь предметов внешнего мира с нашим восприятием и фактически доказав, что вещи и мир сам по себе недоступны нашему познанию. Кант воздвигнул человека на вершину философии, сделав его главным предметом, задачей и «вопросом» мышления. Можно смело сказать, что не было ни одного философа после него, который бы не попал под влияние кантовской мысли. В настоящее издание включены две работы известного «критического периода»: «Критика чистого разума» и «Критика способности суждения». Первая раскрывает взгляды Канта на структуру и механизмы познания, вторая — на проблему красоты, феномен гения и природу прекрасного. Эти труды даны в сокращении и с комментариями, призванными в доступной форме прояснить самые витиеватые и сложные места кантовской мысли.
224 pages, Hardcover
Published January 1, 2017
4 people want to read
About the author
Immanuel Kant
3,080 books4,390 followersImmanuel Kant was an 18th-century philosopher from Königsberg, Prussia (now Kaliningrad, Russia). He's regarded as one of the most influential thinkers of modern Europe & of the late Enlightenment. His most important work is The Critique of Pure Reason, an investigation of reason itself. It encompasses an attack on traditional metaphysics & epistemology, & highlights his own contribution to these areas. Other main works of his maturity are The Critique of Practical Reason, which is about ethics, & The Critique of Judgment, about esthetics & teleology.
Pursuing metaphysics involves asking questions about the ultimate nature of reality. Kant suggested that metaphysics can be reformed thru epistemology. He suggested that by understanding the sources & limits of human knowledge we can ask fruitful metaphysical questions. He asked if an object can be known to have certain properties prior to the experience of that object. He concluded that all objects that the mind can think about must conform to its manner of thought. Therefore if the mind can think only in terms of causality–which he concluded that it does–then we can know prior to experiencing them that all objects we experience must either be a cause or an effect. However, it follows from this that it's possible that there are objects of such a nature that the mind cannot think of them, & so the principle of causality, for instance, cannot be applied outside experience: hence we cannot know, for example, whether the world always existed or if it had a cause. So the grand questions of speculative metaphysics are off limits, but the sciences are firmly grounded in laws of the mind. Kant believed himself to be creating a compromise between the empiricists & the rationalists. The empiricists believed that knowledge is acquired thru experience alone, but the rationalists maintained that such knowledge is open to Cartesian doubt and that reason alone provides us with knowledge. Kant argues, however, that using reason without applying it to experience will only lead to illusions, while experience will be purely subjective without first being subsumed under pure reason. Kant’s thought was very influential in Germany during his lifetime, moving philosophy beyond the debate between the rationalists & empiricists. The philosophers Fichte, Schelling, Hegel and Schopenhauer saw themselves as correcting and expanding Kant's system, thus bringing about various forms of German Idealism. Kant continues to be a major influence on philosophy to this day, influencing both Analytic and Continental philosophy.
Pursuing metaphysics involves asking questions about the ultimate nature of reality. Kant suggested that metaphysics can be reformed thru epistemology. He suggested that by understanding the sources & limits of human knowledge we can ask fruitful metaphysical questions. He asked if an object can be known to have certain properties prior to the experience of that object. He concluded that all objects that the mind can think about must conform to its manner of thought. Therefore if the mind can think only in terms of causality–which he concluded that it does–then we can know prior to experiencing them that all objects we experience must either be a cause or an effect. However, it follows from this that it's possible that there are objects of such a nature that the mind cannot think of them, & so the principle of causality, for instance, cannot be applied outside experience: hence we cannot know, for example, whether the world always existed or if it had a cause. So the grand questions of speculative metaphysics are off limits, but the sciences are firmly grounded in laws of the mind. Kant believed himself to be creating a compromise between the empiricists & the rationalists. The empiricists believed that knowledge is acquired thru experience alone, but the rationalists maintained that such knowledge is open to Cartesian doubt and that reason alone provides us with knowledge. Kant argues, however, that using reason without applying it to experience will only lead to illusions, while experience will be purely subjective without first being subsumed under pure reason. Kant’s thought was very influential in Germany during his lifetime, moving philosophy beyond the debate between the rationalists & empiricists. The philosophers Fichte, Schelling, Hegel and Schopenhauer saw themselves as correcting and expanding Kant's system, thus bringing about various forms of German Idealism. Kant continues to be a major influence on philosophy to this day, influencing both Analytic and Continental philosophy.
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Displaying 1 of 1 review
December 29, 2018
Надежда на то, что тексты Иммануила Канта станут понятнее, не оправдалась. Книга представляет собой набор фрагментов из двух важных текстов Канта, время от времени случайным образом сопровождёнными комментариями (достаточно ясными, но очень редкими). Иногда даже задаёшься вопросом: вот автор комментария поясняет какой-то сиюминутный момент в кантовских рассуждениях, а остальные абзацы и страницы текста что, нечто само собой — или, как сказал бы Кант, само по себе — разумеющееся? Если фрагменты «Критике чистого разума» в переводе Н. Лосского ещё читать можно, то вторая половина книги (посвящённая «Критики способности суждений» в переводе другого человека) показалась мне невыносимой. Кантовы тексты представляют собой тонны чёрствых сухарей. Название серии «Философия на пальцах» в данном случае обманчиво; комментарии очень короткие и их мало; предисловие всего на 2 страницы. В общем, кантовали, кантовали, но не выкантовали.
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