This is excellent, and explores a slightly less well-trodden aspect of a story that has been covered by a growing number of books as time has gone on and particularly as we approach the 40th anniversary of the Falklands War. Rowland White comments that, "This is a story I've wanted to write for a long time. I was eleven years old when Argentina invaded the Falkland Islands. The heroic exploits of the 'Sea Harrier fighter-bomber aircraft' so meticulously and memorably described by Ian McDonald, the bespectacled civil servant charged with sharing news of the war, made a big impression on me...The two frontline Sea Harrier squadrons that travelled south with the Task Force, 800 and 801, have been well served by books written by pilots who flew with them, and both Sea Harrier Over the Falklands by 801' s Commanding Officer, Sharkey Ward, and Hostile Skies by 800' s David Morgan are recommended. I've read and reread and enjoyed them many times. But I kept finding myself drawn to 809 Naval Air Squadron. Hurriedly pulled together after the invasion and sent south barely three weeks later, their story looked like the most interesting and unusual of the lot."
The story of 809 is a remarkable one, and White tells it along with the story of the acquisition and preparation of Atlantic Conveyer and the story of intelligence gathering and reconnaissance, including the planned dispatch of Canberras to Chile. This is simultaneously the book's strength and its key weakness. It is refreshing and interesting to read these lesser-known stories, but the book can tend to be slightly disjointed, and White struggles at times to tie all these disparate threads into a coherent narrative. There is also a lot of assumed knowledge about the background to the Falklands War, the departure of the task force, the land campaign, and the broader air campaign outside of 809's contribution. White hasn't set out to write a general history of the war, but it does mean that you will need to look elsewhere for this kind of wider background context.
The big strength of the book, apart from the relatively new ground it covers, is White's writing ability and style. Like all his books, this one gallops at a high pace and reads quite like a thriller. In many ways, the story he is telling lends itself to this kind of narrative style, as seen when White recounts the establishment of 809: "When Tim Gedge arrived at Ted Anson's office at FONAC HQ the following morning, 6 April, the Admiral's brief was straightforward and expansive. 'Go into Yeovilton,' he told Gedge, 'and find yourself an office and some aeroplanes, form another squadron, work it up for air defence and attack, and be ready to go in twenty-one days.'" Like his earlier book on Vulcan 607, many of the details in the story of 809's working up are almost unbelievable. The RAF pilots pulled out of the officers' mess and sent off without ever having carried out a carrier take-off/landing, the American pilot denied a place in 809 at the 11th hour, and many others are remarkable. And the anecdote of painted models on a Portakabin roof to test camouflage colours is both hilarious and very, very British!
The story of the aircraft itself is also extraordinary, and White provides a brief history of the development and deployment of the Harrier. The fact that BAE rushed through the prep of some jets for 809 to take south mirrors the scramble to find pilots, and is a corrective to the temptation to read back the success and speed of the land campaign into the planning process. The UK armed forces were stretched to the limit by the Falklands campaign, and particularly by the distance at which the war had to be fought.
It's an odd thought that the Falklands War was closer in time to the Second World War than it is to today, but it's also fair to say that it was the last war the UK fought that stood in a continuum with the Second World War. This was a war of the direct and personal projection of power by land, sea, and air, and many of the senior officers were Second World War veterans. Even aesthetically, the Type 42 Destroyers that fought with the Royal Navy look very much like their WW2 predecessors, and not at all like their Type 45 successors. It's hard to imagine a war exactly like the Falklands happening today, as it would be fought largely by drones and cruise missiles. It's equally hard to imagine destroyers, and their crews, being seen as an expendable asset; our world of social media and 24-hour news cycles would never stand for it.
While it was hard fought and there were some notable losses of capital ships, the air campaign in the Falklands resulted in a comprehensive and crushing victory for the RAF and Fleet Air Arm by late May 1982. White comments that, "The weight of sorties launched against the British had collapsed, from claims of sixty-five on D-Day to a planned twenty-two on the 25th. The CIA estimated that Argentina had lost a third of its combat aircraft in a little over three weeks. And yet they'd failed to prevent the British from either establishing or consolidating the beachhead at San Carlos. Over 5,500 British troops were now ashore, their positions defended by a ring of Rapier surface-to-air missile Fire Units that would make any attempt to attack from the air almost suicidally risky. The Argentine Navy still chose to confine itself to coastal waters. Now the Air Force, too, had been forced to reconsider its position. They had been beaten in air combat on 1 May, then depleted by the Sea Harrier CAPs and SAM missiles as they mounted brave but unescorted attacks against the ships in Falkland waters. Unable to displace British land forces nor, with the SHARs ascendant over the islands, able to support their own ground forces, they were out of targets. No longer capable of meaningfully obstructing the British from the mainland, Argentine commanders' hopes of holding on to the Malvinas now rested on the 15,000 troops dug in around Stanley."
From there, the land campaign progressed quickly to a British victory, and again with a strange parallel to the Second World War. The hope of conducting an air mobile campaign sank along with most of the task force's helicopters when Atlantic Conveyor was lost, so the ground advance was predominantly on foot from San Carlos Water to Port Stanley. Following the end of the war, 809 squadron was quickly disbanded. However, the reputation of British Forces, and particularly of the Harrier, was boosted irreversibly: "Success in the Falklands War completely changed the way the jump jet was regarded. Having earned its spurs in difficult circumstances, it had won the right to be taken seriously, no longer dismissed as an airshow novelty, but respected as a warplane. Reliability and flexibility were virtues that attracted fewer headlines than speed, endurance and weaponry, but victory in battle trumped them all, sealing a reputation that would endure."
Fittingly, the first Royal Navy squadron to be equipped with the F-35 will be 809 NAS - the "Immortals" - and this book is a fitting tribute to their immediate predecessors.