血酬定律：中国历史中的生存游戏

by 吴思

正版授权 Seller : Bonrise
加微信[soweinc]每天分享好书,邀你加入国际（来自北美 澳洲 日本 南亚 欧洲...的精英书友）微信群学习交流.
微信好友购书价格5-9个折扣.
《血酬定律：中国历史中的生存游戏　【荐书联盟推荐】》(吴思)

作者:吴思
出版社:四川人民出版社

装订方式:精装
版次:第1版
开本:32开
出版时间:2013-12-01
用纸:胶版纸
页数:408
语种:中文
丛书名:
类目:历史|中国史

Genres: History, China

First published January 25, 2010

Reviews

[Barack Liu · Rating 5 out of 5]

418-The Law of Blood Reward-Wu Si-Essay-2003

Barack
2022/05/14

The Law of Blood Rewards was first published in 2003. It consists of several articles, divided into the main part and the miscellaneous part. In the main part, Wu Si abstracted the "law of blood remuneration" by analyzing the behavior patterns of violent groups in past dynasties, and took this as the core of the book. Attempts to explain the common roots of rebellion, reform, corruption, etc. in Chinese history through layer-by-layer calculations.

The so-called blood reward, that is, the reward of bloodshed and hard work reflects the exchange relationship between life and survival resources. From the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, many more people ate this bowl of rice than industrial workers. The value of blood reward depends on what is being scrambled for. This is the "law of blood reward". Wu Si also proposed "legal remuneration" and analyzed the switching relationship and internal driving force among "bandit", "people" and "official".

Wu Si, born in Beijing in 1957, studied at the Chinese Department of Renmin University of China. Representative works: "Unspoken Rules", "The Law of Blood Reward", "I Want to Reinterpret History", etc. In 1993, he served as the vice president and editor-in-chief of the Chinese edition of "Bridge" magazine sponsored by the National Association of Journalists. In 1996, he served as the executive editor and vice president of "Yanhuang Chunqiu" magazine. In 2009, he served as the legal representative of "Yanhuang Chunqiu" magazine. In 2015, he left "Yanhuang Chunqiu".

Table of Contents
[1] Bandit Change: The Law of Blood Reward and Its Inference
【2】A brief examination of the price of life
[3] The secret of switching between unspoken rules and formal rules
【IV】Liu Jin Undercurrent
[5] The hidden identity of the magistrate
【6】A brief study of the gray prison
[7] Common people use hidden weapons
【8】Selling heroes
[9] Hard partner enterprise
【10】The value of foreign flags

Sustaining its own existence is the first imperative of any organization. We need to exchange some things for other things. The price we pay and the reward we can get are our motivation to do a lot of things. If you want to understand the behavior of others, understand the actions of groups, and even understand the trends of a country, you have to think from this perspective. Even something as abstract as emotion can be digitally estimated and put into this ROI formula.

In essence, the protection fees charged by the bandits to the people in the area covered by their influence have already formed the prototype of national taxation, but the national taxation system is more perfect and the services provided by the state are more diverse. The short-term rulers are called "bandits", and the long-term rulers are the "monarchs". The way the gangs obtain benefits is "blood remuneration", and the way the government obtains benefits is "legal remuneration". For ordinary people, economic benefits are exchanged for the protection of personal and property safety.

For the ruler, the first priority is always to ensure the stability of his position, and the second is to ensure the interests of the ruled. In fact, this point will not change, no matter ancient or modern. An organization is like an organism. It must first ensure its own survival before it can consider other behaviors. Even though we see that many regulations in plain text are almost noble, in fact, from the core, it is because such regulations are conducive to their own survival and development.

In the final analysis, it is because of the instability of the internal and external environment. Once there are major unstable factors in the society, the uncertainty of the future increases, when the future becomes uncontrollable, and even their own survival and development is seriously hindered, people's behavior is more inclined to short-termism. Officials become bandits, and people are forced to become bandits. And once the situation becomes clear, as long as the leader seeks long-term development, he must consider the future, then the behavior of the leader will become more long-term, then the bandit may become an official, and the green forest hero may become a commoner. people.

In fact, nothing in this world is truly priceless. Even if we say that life is priceless, love is priceless, and freedom is priceless, there is actually a price, but the price fluctuates greatly. Under the same circumstances, different people's lives have different prices. The same person, under different circumstances, also has a different life price, this is the reality.

Chinese bandits kidnapped the British hostages, and finally, the Japanese invaders paid the ransom. This may seem absurd on the surface, but the Chinese bandits actually see it clearly. The Japanese are willing to spend money to avoid the intervention of the British army and cause trouble for their own aggression against China. When it comes to foreign affairs, a person's situation depends not only on himself but also on the country behind him. The same is true today. My country is strong. Even if I am an ordinary person and go to some weak countries, my worth in the eyes of others has also improved. And my country is weak, even if I have talent and ability, and go to a developed country, it is easy to be despised and looked down upon.

It is not uncommon to spend money to make other countries die for themselves in wars, some directly in the extreme form of traitors, some through proxy wars, and so on. In fact, it is essentially the same. Some people pay, others sacrifice their lives, and everyone gets what they need.

Throughout the dynasties, the homeless were the main source of bandits and the underworld. Of course, there may be a small number of people who are bandits in pursuit of excess returns, but I believe that the vast majority of people are bandits because they have nothing to survive, so they will take risks. The most valuable experience we have learned from these historical facts is that one of the most important links in maintaining social stability is to ensure the employment rate. When the employment rate is too low, there will be social unrest. As long as people have an income that can satisfy themselves with food and clothing, most people should still prefer to do their duty and not take risks.

Act as a game of chess. Although the future is unpredictable, this should not be an excuse for us not to plan for the future. If there are 10 variables in the future, we should try our best to consider the corresponding 10 strategies for these 10 variables. The worst is probably not to think about it in advance, things are in front of you, and you are adaptable. Moderate, it is possible to consider some, but there are too few possibilities to be considered, the period of time that can be foreseen is too short, and the coping strategies given are just ordinary. The best thing is probably to be able to take into account as many different situations as possible, look over a wider time horizon, and give more subtle solutions.

The so-called "official language", in fact, is to speak, is already written on paper. This set is actually very useful because unless it is someone who really knows the details, although ordinary people feel that it is inconsistent with reality, it is difficult to argue. Those who really know the details can clearly point out why the regulations on paper are not the actual situation and can find the places where the logic of the "Mandarin" speakers is inconsistent.

Liu Jin's family fortune can be worth the national treasury revenue for one year. This is an astonishing figure. Sometimes fact can be more twisted and bizarre than fiction. Fiction is built on the imagination of one person or a few people and is ultimately limited by personal wisdom and imagination, but the reality is built on the actions and decisions of hundreds of millions of people, and its complexity is unimaginable. This complexity presumably also led to the surprising and bizarre ending.

But for those who are extremely rich, there must be not only surface runoff visible in the sun, but also an undercurrent hidden in the ground and invisible. If we only read books and do not truly experience how this society works, it will be easy to ignore the existence and influence of the undercurrent. In fact, the underground rivers formed by these subsurface currents maybe even more amazing than the surface runoff. The so-called "horse without night grass is not fat" and "night grass" is actually a little-known undercurrent that is not illuminated by the sun.

"The King of Hell is easy to mess with, but little devils are hard to deal with." The eunuchs such as Liu Jin and Wei Zhongxian had little power on the surface, but because he was the closest person to the emperor, they could influence the emperor's attitude, so although his official title was not large, he had real power. But not small. These things are not as obvious as the official positions and powers are written in black and white. Even the records in the history books are often written in a more obscure way. We may have to go through seemingly unrelated stories before we can speculate.

The national government is the only institution. In the final analysis, senior officials are only senior wage earners, so whether wage earners can succeed or not depends on the leader's will. "Things are made secret, and words are leaked." If the courtier's conspiracy had not been revealed, Liu Jin, the power supervisor, would probably have been strangled in the cradle. Throughout history, there have been numerous examples of failures due to leaks of collective schemes. Achieving great things does not mean that the more people the better, the more people, the more complicated the heart, the more the heart is mixed, the secret is leaked, and the leak is the failure. matters that matter. How can you be careful?

[Zhijing Jin · Rating 5 out of 5]

A whole new perspective that can fix the gap between existing historical theories and the real history happenings.

The book title can be literally translated as "Reward by bloody means", a jargon that means the profits by means of violence (e.g., robbery). This can explain why there are always groups of gangs who reside in the mountains and robber passers-by, or, to arouse more resonance, why pirates can prevail. Very similar to the discoveries of Freakonomics, this book reveals many marginal decisions of robbers which aim to maximize their gains.

The chapter Selling Heroes (出售英雄) fits the movie Seven Samurai perfectly.

More reading:
- See my comment on another important book of the author, The Unspoken Rule (潜规则).

eBook: http://99csw.com/book/1066/index.htm

[Henry · Rating 5 out of 5]

Couple implied strategies from the author:

- “Unspoken rules”: never care about what the “official rules” are as the society often do not use them, but rather focus on the “unspoken rules“ of the society - those sets of rules are the real rules that governs the society

- Avoidance over fairness: the state has the right to harass entities that it wants, not out of “fairness”. Thus, the ultimate goal ought to be not becoming the target of the state

[he chow · Rating 5 out of 5]

摘錄：

血酬定律有三个要点： 一、血酬就是以生命为代价从事暴力掠夺的收益。 二、当血酬大于成本时，暴力掠夺发生。 三、暴力掠夺不创造财富。

根据第一个要点，冒险狩猎或挖煤的收益不算血酬。暴力掠夺特指以人类及其所拥有的财富为对象的行为。 根据第二个要点，在暴力掠夺发生时，人类必定权衡成本和收益。成本至少有四类：1、良心。同情心和正义感。2、机会成本。在权衡中，与卖命并列的还有卖力、卖身和卖东西等选项，人们会比较血、汗、身、财的付出与收益。3、人工和物资的消耗。4、暴力对抗带来的风险。无论是暴力镇压，暴力反抗，还是暴力掠夺者之间的竞争，暴力掠夺都要面临一定的伤亡风险。以上四类成本与收益的权衡，每类都能演义出一串历史故事。 根据第三个要点，暴力掠夺不创造财富，只能转移财富，这就会引出暴力掠夺者与财富创造者互动的漫长故事。

[Mr.Wuthering]

1：你的命，值几多钱？
2：一次性要你命掠夺，还是养着你的命，慢慢掠夺，取决于成本收益率。
3：掠夺温和时，我命由我，拿钱买命也接受；掠夺暴虐时，我命不由我，则起来造反要你命。
4：如此交替反复，农耕文明从大一统，到换一个姓继续大一统。生产力慢慢上升，大一统治则继续完善加强。
5：欧洲没有大一统，商业文明更重视契约，其原因是因为暴力掠夺被制衡：多个小国家之间，国王与教宗之间。

个人认为：
1.没有新观点！
2.暴力只是人类实施统治的工具，但不是目的。
3.在“人力”就等于生产力的过去，人命就是财富，所谓血酬，就是拿人命和风险换来的收益；现在有科技的加持，“人才”才是财富。不久的将来，AI会重新定义生产力和生产关系。

[Muyu]

@2015-08-25 11:51:44

[Alex Xu · Rating 3 out of 5]

一样是经济学解释历史，潜规则的延续，基本上没有新意，比起前一本差了不少。。。

[寻找家园 · Rating 4 out of 5]

补标。

[Deepbreathe · Rating 5 out of 5]

给六星我都不嫌多，比《潜规则》更让人难受又启发。挂洋旗，白员，几乎每个章节的例子都让人印象深刻。这种围绕一个主题组织故事展开议论的手法很适合这种历史评述文。而吴思先生的选题和他的民主化倾向又刚好得到了结合，非常棒的引导我去思考民主这些概念。有理有据，博采众长。很棒。of the people，by the people，for the people ！