‘Beautiful Boy’ is an insider's memoir written by a grieving anxious father, David Sheff. He writes about his and his family's life with an adult son, Nic, who is an addict currently in recovery - again. Again. Again. Again.
I think it is as honest of a book as a person can be about himself. No doubt it cannot reflect complete truth - who of us can see all of ourselves and our loved ones at all times? But whatever confusions, and perhaps a few self-protective instances of skewing the remembered personal behavior towards a more exculpatory memory, I believe the book gives readers an excellent idea of how one addicted family member stresses -and maims- the other members of an ordinary upper-middle-class family.
David Sheff candidly describes his own past involvement with drugs, comparing it to his son’s life with drugs now in the 21st century. David, like most of us baby boomers in the 1960’s and 1970’s, could barely go one day without running into an opportunity to access drugs. Similar to David’s remembered experience, I too saw most of my friends and acquaintances get high occasionally, with a lost weekend every once in awhile. However, again like what David remembers, there were the kids and young adults who seemed to be getting high all day every day.
David beats himself up a lot because he divorced Nic’s mother in an ugly legal fight involving lots of lawyers and mutual enduring vindictiveness. David remarried and had two babies with a new wife, and Nic’s mother also had new relationships. A scared Nic ended up traveling at the age of five alone in airplanes between his father’s and mother’s new families. However, in describing the daily life of his new nuclear family, it is clear to me David had financial and cultural resources available to him. He could provide what most educated American upper-middle-class families feel necessary to give their beloved children. David also had lots of financial safety nets for paying for Nic’s rehab from insurance plans. The author feels much grateful relief for his financial nets.
I agree Nic had it rough emotionally. I agree divorce often messes most children up for awhile. David put Nic into therapy when Nic was in elementary school to work out his displacement and anger issues. To me, David seems a pure example of a modern so-called ‘helicopter’ parent, although he was often distancing himself by pushing others to handle the emotional angles. Maybe David may have been a little immature and feeling excessively guilty. This is not uncommon or unnatural, though.
Gentle reader, I must warn you my review from this point reflects my sour attitude, not David Sheff’s or Nic’s. I grew up, was a child, with alcoholics in a blue-collar neighborhood. I have had drug-addicted friends, neighbors and family members. But David is coming from a middle-class place of parental, and adult, guilt, confusion, sorrow and love, so his book was written with a slight tunnel vision. Perhaps he is still shell-shocked. He is still honestly searching for answers and he has hope for Nic’s recovery, although near the end of the book he is showing signs of awareness that his kid is drowning. I survived a childhood of despair, and my parents both died before I was 31 years old.
Later in the book, Nic’s growing drug use, especially of meth, begins to affect everyone in the family as well as spreading around more financial and emotional carnage. David attends meetings and participates in family therapy sessions in many many many many many many many many varieties of addiction rehab centers where Nic tries to kick his addictions again and again. David learns a great deal about popular illegal drugs. He learns all of the current theories of why and how addictive people begin addictions, and how addicts spiral more and more out of control, sucking in family members, friends and acquaintances like destructive tornados and hurricanes.
As the chapters in the book and the years roll on (Nic began using cigarettes, drugs and alcohol from age 13), David conscientiously includes all of the medical and psychological theories into his book. He also mentions the painful effects of the uncertainty and anxiety of expecting something going wrong today. He and the other children are worn out. (The other children appear to be neglected and frightened - and I suspect they are feeling like they have to be the adults and protect their parents - a common family dynamic I don’t think David knows is probably occurring as I suspect it was.)
David Sheff thinks drug abuse may be caused by a combination of Nature and Nurture. He is obviously under the influence of lingering guilt and a sense he is responsible for his son’s issues.
Below are my personal reflections and views:
The brains of many addicted and ex-addicted individuals I knew showed signs of permanent damage LONG before death. Many people in my life, including my own parents, died too early. Many of the causes of death were from physical body damage incurred from years of abuse of alcohol and drugs. These once normal people had severe memory issues, occasional confusion, and an inability to connect logical dots sometimes - all of which became worse and permanent with age. I saw how walking was unbalanced and limbs shook, sometimes, in people who were only 45 years old. I saw an occasional inability to judge distances or to understand complex conversations or in how to make sense of the pushing buttons or opening doors. Middle-aged ex-addicts had much less understanding in how to fill out complicated forms or in reading dense material. The smartest ones lost brain abilities less than ones who never had very much intellectual stimulation, but everyone I have ever known who has suffered a long-term addiction has lost some brain function.
For many ex-druggies and ‘cured’ alcoholics, reaching the age of 60 years is more like turning 75. Alcoholics’ brains physically shrink, and lose mass. Many of my personal ex-addict acquaintances were victims of early strokes and transient ischemic attacks (TIA’s), which:
“happens when blood flow to part of the brain is blocked or reduced, often by a blood clot. In a short period of time, blood flows again and the symptoms go away. With a stroke, the blood flow stays blocked, and the brain has permanent damage.” Quoted from Google.
In the book, Sheff mentions meth physically burns the tips of neurons, which hopefully recover and grow back in ex-meth addicts.
It is VERY possible addictive personalities are born; in other words, predilections for addiction are caused from Nature, from multiple sources such as defective brain chemistry and/or wiring, and/or genetics. Regrettably, brain disabilities which display only in psychological symptoms appear to be the most difficult to accept socially, even ones we now understand better like schizophrenic brain-wiring and bipolar chemistry.
Generally, our society barely has any consistency in our medical responses to physical issues, much less does anything to treat physical illnesses with psychological symptoms. Addicts need to help themselves. If they can’t or won’t, there is nothing in the Universe which will help them.
I used to smoke cigarettes, but I believe I basically am not an addictive personality. I started smoking when I was 19. Quitting was hard, and it took me three tries. I finally did it at age 31.
People think there is moral strength in developing independence. It IS a good thing to begin developing some independence when you are a teenager. My parents, though, were terrible parents from when I was born. I became accustomed to being somewhat responsible for my own maintenance and surviving under my own self-directed caretaking at a too-young age. I think this results in children who become quite narcissistic and self-centered necessarily to survive the hopefully only occasional insane parenting. I had to develop survival strategies when only a child - or as a toddler - especially so if it seems only you care if you live or die, has its effects.
Nic was passed back and forth between his divorced parents, traveling on airplanes alone, feeling friendless and unloved and not safe, from the age of five as his parents shared him between the two newly created families. Nic must have felt unwanted. Worse, being a child, you believe the rejection of yourself by your parents is all your fault, that you are defective. You see other parents love and taking care of their children - especially on TV. Worse, Nic’s dad made two new babies he adored for his new family.
Life is often painful and scary to a five-year-old operating daily without care, affection or direction, inadvertent as it may be. Avoiding pain and fear becomes paramount psychologically as well as physically for a kid. Parents can be a cause of the pain and fear, not a palliative to it. As a child, I suffered despair and feelings of being unwanted. I learned to console myself with education, reading and setting goals to better myself, guided by elementary-school teachers unaware of my home life. However, I continued to feel an ache of feeling unloved, and sorrow that no one appeared to care about my accomplishments. Rage and hardening up as I grew older helped me somewhat. I started smoking to spite my dad, who hated smoking - which is typical typical childish revenge: I will hold my breath until I die and then you all will feel sorry! I think kids who feel as if they do not get enough love, or who feel like a fifth wheel in the divorce and remarriages of parents, must feel emotions similar to these. Drugs kill psychological pain very well.
But strangely, demonstrating the tangles between estranged parents and children, I still recall how my alcoholic mother's sudden death surprised me in spite of everything, shocking me deep in my soul. I felt as if I were a helpless baby kitten or puppy being stomped to death by a trusted caretaker when she died. The Universe betrayed me - not just my impaired mother.
No worries, gentle reader. I survived.
So, whether addiction is genetic or environmentally caused, any family dysfunction as well as natural personality responses are certain to be determinants of success or failure in rehabilitation. The age of people when chronic trauma occurs and/or addictions begin is a big part of the equation, imho.
Drugs and alcohol numb feelings and cause physical waves of pleasure. They reduce the feelings of inadequacy and failure and worries and fear. It seems to me one of the reasons rehab fails is we are trying to replace the benefits of drugs and alcohol with personal inner strengths addicts don't have. Most of us have had help in building inner strengths as children through peers, school, and education along with parental guidance and love. Young addicts have no inner strengths. For adults, and as it is for children, inner strengths have to be built from scratch. When people are trying to do this after childhood, it can feel as artificial as a prosthesis.
Based on what I saw growing up with addicted people, I suspect most addicts cannot actually be cured in the conventional sense of curing a disease. The miasma of inchoate sad emotional baggage, not quite understood, definitely not examined, that begins for most of them when children with undeveloped brains, is not their fault. The fog becomes thicker, heavier, by the addition of their own mistakes as young adults. The intensity of the cravings caused by their addictions and the minute physical destruction of cells and nerves inside their bodies is a lot to overcome. Some do. Most don’t.
I think society needs to stop expecting total ‘cures’. We should supply addicts with the substances they need, or any less damaging alternatives, reducing the pressure on them to find a way to feed their addiction. Using moral 'cures' seems to make addiction cravings horrifyingly worse, in my opinion. I suspect it is the failure of moral behavior of others, such as early parent betrayal for one example, which caused them to embrace the numbing of addiction (and made permanent because of genetics).
Moralizing simply triggers bad feelings from childhood traumas, bringing back painful memories of how little any actual effect morality had on many behaviors people directed towards them in their baby and toddler years. Trying to teach damaged adults to lean on customary moral or religious strengths - the same social moral strengths in which their parents and society failed them when children - often doesn’t work. They only really fully trust in the self-medication of drugs and alcohol, not the love and support of people or a god, to alleviate psychic pain.
If we want to truly fix addiction in addictive personalities, I think it must happen while people are children, before parents neglect or mistreat their kids because of poverty, divorce, or other life distractions, or just being evil. Once and if addiction begins, unless it is caught early before the brain has been irreversibly changed, society should support the addiction as gently and controlled as possible, much as we would provide medicine for diabetes, in specialized medical facilities. If the family is suffering predator behavior from an addicted family member, I think the family should remove that member from the home, especially if there are other children.
Families are often the cause which damaged an addictive child psychologically, whether purposefully or not - so even if the family reforms itself, and still finds it possible to love and trust an addicted one, clearly an addict can’t come back as if nothing happened. Addicts often have a damaged brain forevermore frozen in a bad childhood time, no matter how much the family may have changed with maturity or better circumstances. The few who succeed in expensive rehab, after usually a minimum of three attempts, do not prove to me rehabilitation works enough often enough when so many more die of being severely addicted despite many attempts to quit. Rehab is an endgame, a last resort, a hopeless hope, with a low success rate. It's clearly better to never start a substance abuse in the first place.