This is not a beautifully written book . It more of an academic work, a hugely important one, that should be read by as wide an audience as possible. Readers should struggle through its painstaking prose to take on board its importance and its attempt to understand how most human beings will behave, given the right circumstances - in this particular case, under Nazi occupation and its immediate aftermath.
Fear by Jan Gross focuses tightly on the phenomenon of anti-Semitism in Poland after the Second World War. One cannot help but wonder how this phenomenon has evolved today in a nation that has not yet faced up to its own part in the murder of its Jewish population and in certain areas continues today to deny its own complicity in those murders.
This book is not an attack on Poland or its people, as many have claimed, but an attempt to understand why anti-Semitism was not extinguished – but rather increased - in Poland in the aftermath of the death camps and the brutal murder of three million Polish Jews on Polish soil and before the eyes of their ethic Polish neighbors.
During and after the nearly unthinkable pogrom of Kielce, the main event in this book, Holocaust survivor Jews were accused of killing Christian children to make matzo. Boy scouts, policemen, soldiers, mothers and fathers took part in the bloodshed and murder that occurred here. In fact, no one ever saw a Christian child murdered for their blood. If Hitler himself had cited this medieval rubbish during the Nuremberg rally he would have been ridiculed. Yet in Kielce, indeed throughout Poland, it was accepted by rational individuals. Did they really believe they were protecting Christian children by murdering their Jewish neighbors? Jews were also blamed for the Communism that oppressed Poland in the aftermath of WWII, even though proportionally few Jews held positions of authority. Communism was generally enforced by Polish thugs and Gross interesting points out that those who most compliant were those who had also collaborated with the Nazis. This fact was ignored in 1946 during the pogrom in Kielce and the murders throughout the rest of Poland, just as it is probably generally ignored today.
Gross works his argument methodically toward the main point and revelation of the book – that Polish atrocities in the aftermath of the death camps have at their root Polish complicity and Polish guilt.
The Roman, Tacitus, wrote: "It is human nature to hate the man whom you have injured." Jews were murdered, threatened and brutalised in Poland after Auchwitz, Treblinka, Sobibor and other hellish places not because they were a genuine threat but because of what the Poles had done to the Jews. The Nazi murdered their neighbors and most Poles did nothing, they stole and plundered their property, enriching themselves in the most opportunistic fashion. The Jews who returned from the flames of the Holocaust reminded Poles of their own sins.
I wonder how much this is at the root of modern Polish anti-Semitism. A woman I met a few years ago in Warsaw said to me: "If you ask me, all of Poland needs therapy." Somehow, after reading this book, I have the strongest sense that Poland, as a nation, cannot move forward to find its rightful place in Europe and the world until it faces up to its own past and is then able to move forward. Gross's work is but the first step.