During the late 1990s, women’s sports came of age in the United States. The benefactresses of the women’s movement and Title IX, girls growing up in the late 1980s and 1990s could finally play sports that had for generations been denied to them. The crown jewel of this generation was the 1996 Atlanta Summer Olympics, which has been nicknamed the women’s Olympics because American women dominated, winning gold medals in many sports across the board. Following the success of the Olympics on home soil, women athletes desired to ride the coat tails of their success. Nowhere would this be more evident than the 1999 United States Women National Team, the soccer team that put the sport on the map and inspired a generation of girls start playing the sport.
Most American sports fans can tell you where they were when the 1999 women’s soccer team won the World Cup played in the famous Rose Bowl stadium. The event was game changing as it encouraged girls around the world to take up the sport, but it was also iconic, remembered for Brandi Chastain’s winning penalty kick and her pulling her jersey off afterward. A woman in a sports bra appearing feminine and appearing in the pages of Sports Illustrated demonstrated to sports fans around the world that women athletes could be successful and, for lack of a better word, sexy. Yes, women could have long hair, wear makeup, and be world class athletes. The team lead by Mia Hamm, Julie Foudy, and Chastain made soccer playing look easy, and their ability on the pitch was nearly flawless. While these athletes inspired on the field, they had to fight off of the field just to be allowed to play. The 1999 World Cup championship would just be the beginning of an endless fight to achieve gender equality on and off of the playing field.
In the last World Cup cycle, the United States women’s team won in 2015 and are looking to dominate the competition again this year. The men’s team, on the other hand, did not even qualify for their 2018 tournament; yet, the United States Soccer Federation has always favored the men, believing that they are most responsible for revenue. Since before the 1999 victory, the top women players have been in a struggle to achieve an equal playing field. Hamm and Foudy sought advice from Billie Jean King a tennis star who fought for gender equity on tour for her entire career. She encouraged the stars to boycott key tournament games if it meant achieving gains for future generations of players. Usually, the threat of boycott was successful as the players argued for equal locker rooms, medical treatment, playing surfaces, and pay. Yet, the Federation to this day has favored the men, and, despite the women achieving more success on the field, the men still earn more per match despite generating far less revenue from their playing ability. As a result, the new generation of stars has taken up the fight with the Federation in an attempt to gain even more equity in order to completely level the field for future players.
Caitlin Murray has covered the Women’s National Team for a myriad of newspapers over the last decade. Yet, in this book, I feel that she was trying to do too much. She jumps from matches to the fight with the Federation and back, not giving much space to any one episode in this book. If she had focused on the 1999 World Cup championship team both on and off of the field, she would have had enough material for a book. She could have gone deeper in character studies and transformed the stars of the team into protagonists for the entire book. Instead, Murray wrote a history of United States women’s soccer since the first often forgotten World Cup winning team of 1991. That team put the wheels in motion for the generation changing team of 1999 to achieve what they have and deserves press; yet, Murray could have achieved more if she focused primarily on 1999 and wrote an epilogue about 2015. As one who enjoys micro history, I would have found this more enjoyable. Twenty years ago, this new batch of stars should deservingly get their due as well. The writing is page turning, and I read the women’s story in a little more than a day; however, as I reflected on the 1999 team, I would have enjoyed more of the book to be about that group.
The United States women’s national Team is gearing up for another World Cup next month. Lead by a new generation of stars as Carli Lloyd, Megan Rapinoe, and Alex Morgan, the Americans have assembled possibly their best team ever. Off of the field, the women have taken ownership of their fight with the Federation, demanding an equal salary as the men as well as equal training facilities and playing surfaces. Fifteen years from now, a new generation may not have to fight at all. The next national team stars are in grammar school today and looking up to players like Alex Morgan and Morgan Brien. As each generation levels the playing field in all sports, men and women athletes of tomorrow will hopefully be treated the same. All of this success can be traced back to Title IX and later on to the generational changing 1999 United States Women’s National Soccer Team.
3+ stars