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30-Second Psychology

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Author(s): Christian Jarrett ISBN: 9781742661780 Binding: Hardcover Published: 2011-07-01 30-Second Psychology identifies the major strands of thinking in this fascinating field. It examines the theories of 19th-century behaviourism, where every action has a logical explanation, and how psychotherapy sought to undermine this approach. It looks at the development of humanistic psychology in the mid-20th century and the current domination of cognitivism, with its emphasis on mental structures. Along the way, we meet many of the luminaries in the field, including William James, Aaron Beck, and (of course) Sigmund Freud. What better way to get a handle on your inner demons?

160 pages, Hardcover

First published January 1, 2011

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2260 people want to read

About the author

Christian Jarrett

23 books53 followers
A cognitive neuroscientist by training, Christian Jarrett has been popularizing psychology and neuroscience for over two decades. His award-winning writing on the mind, brain, and behavior has appeared in publications across the world, including the BBC, New York magazine, VICE, Aeon, The Guardian, GQ, WIRED, and many more. Today he is Editor of Psyche, a digital magazine that illuminates the human condition. Dr. Jarrett has written several critically acclaimed books including The Rough Guide to Psychology and Great Myths of the Brain. He was also a consultant editor and lead author for the best-selling 30-Second Psychology. He lives in the countryside near Brighton, England with his wife and twins (a boy and a girl) and their miniature schnauzer.

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Displaying 1 - 29 of 98 reviews
Profile Image for Sanne.
208 reviews
July 6, 2016
Really enjoyed reading this book as an upcoming psychology student! I'm more familiar now with famous theories and other things. Now I'm even more excited to go to university!
Profile Image for Linda.
331 reviews30 followers
February 23, 2017
The book includes an introduction and a brief summary of fifty of the most famous psychological theories, such as psycho analysis, embodied cognition, cognitive dissonance, neuro plasicity, 10 000 hours of practice, cognitive behavior therapy and more.

I am familiar with some of the theories, such as the famous Pavlov’s dog. Classical conditioning is a learning procedure. One stimulus is connected to another stimulus and the person learns that they belong together. In Ivan Pavlov’s experiment, dogs learned that a bell preceded food. In operant conditioning, the behavior is modified by the behavior’s consequences, and the person learns to behave in a certain way.

The theory of birth order is interesting. It turns out the oldest sibling is often social and intelligent, but seeks approval from other people because she no longer is the center of attention when her younger sibling is born. The middle sibling is often competitive and diplomatic. The youngest sibling is selfish and demanding because she is used to be taken care of. It’s interesting to think about the theory when meeting people, and it often turns out to be right.

When reading Sapiens by Yuval Harari, I wondered about whether thoughts came before language or vice verca. According to the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis the structure of a language affect people’s thoughts. It is probably difficult to form a complicated thought without a language, but I think it is possible to be able to think without words. Otherwise, language wouldn’t have been possible to develop in the first place. Deaf and mute people who can't read are of course still able to think as any other people. However, language affects our thoughts in many ways.

I had not heard about some of the theories, such as Simon Baron-Cohen’s theory about male brains. Men tend to use systematisation to understand the world, how the individual componenets interact, while women tend to be better at emphasization. According to Baren-Cohens’s theory, people with Asperger syndrom or autism have been exposed to a surplus of testosteron before birth, which has strengthened the systematisation tendencies at the expense of emphasization.

Another interesting theory is Roy Baumeister’s ego depletion. It seems there is only a restricted amount of will within a person. If restraining oneself from eating a cookie, later it is more difficult to solve a task which demand will power. Fortunately, will power can be trained.

There are theories that reveal a very dark side of people. In Stanley Milgram’ experiment, participants were ordered to push a button, and an actor pretended to get electric shocks. In the experiment, 65 percent of the participants administered the final 450 volt shock. This is a really disturbing result which shows that people are capable of brutal action when ordered by an authority. Another experiment that showed a really dark and disturbing side of people was Zimbardo’s prison, where the participants were either prison guards or interns. The experiment had to be terminated when the prison guards treated the interns really badly. A third of them were behaving sadistically. Philip Zimbardo’s experiment shows that certain situations and social roles might deprive people of their individuality and make them to perform appaling, brutal actions.

I think the part about false memories is interesting. Elizabeth Loftus has often taken part in various trials because of her theory about the malfunctions of memory. Memories are easily distorted by certain questions that suggest something, or misinformation. During her experiment, she asked children about memories, especially about getting lost in a shopping centre. They could describe the incident, even though it had never happend. I recognized the name, but it weren’t until I read that Elizabeth Loftus had taken part in the trial of Ted Bundy that I realized I had read about her in one of the books about him. She was also mentioned in a book about Thomas Quick, the man that confessed to have murdered many people, and was sentenced to prison. Later, he revealed that he had made it up and in fact, it turned out that the psycho therapists and prosecutors had used this kind of suggestive questions. The evidence was non-existent and he was released.

There are some theories that are of current interest and important to learn about today. It feels like the the bystander experiment is repeting itself today. In their experiment, John Darley and Bibb Latané let people think that a participant had a seizure. The participants that thought they were alone with the patient, acted and called for help to a higher extent, while those who believed they were other participants present didn’t act. It seems other people present diminishes the feeling of responsibility. This can be applied to some cases today when a mobile phones and taking photographs of the situation. Another important theory about group think, by Irving Janis, which means that people with the same opinions shield themselves from other opinions. They stop listening to objections and can make catastrophic decisions. An illusion of unity and agreement appear. It is possible that group think affected the decisions about the Bay of pigs invasion and the US:s inability to foresee the Japanese attack of Pearl Harbour. The theory about confirmation bias is important today, when fact resistance seems to be increasing and powerful people use information in a way that suit them. People only see what they want to see. They interpret information in a way that confirms their theory.

Prejudices and oppositions between social groups are common today and it is interesting to know about some theories that describe how they occur and what to do about it. Gordin Allport’s contact hypothesis shows that children prefer to play with other children with similar clothes or skin color. The instinct can make people dehumanise other people that they view as different or outsiders. Contact between social groups, such as religious and ethnic groups, diminishes prejucides and encourages friendly relations. Therefor, it is important to get to know different people. Apropos prejudices. The theory about stereotype threats means that people are at risk of conforming of stereotypes about their social group. They fear that other people will think that a bad achievement is proving that their prejudices are correct, which create an insecurity that might as well cause that person to achieve badly.

It is an interesting book that contains much information and explanations about human behavior. Unfortunately, the theories are only introduced and explained briefly. It could easily have been twice the amount of information about every theory.
Profile Image for Jean.
43 reviews14 followers
November 24, 2016
Does what it's intended to do and does it nicely. Very well organized and written book, and the subject couldn't get any more interesting. Needless to say that this book does not do the job if you want to dive deep.
Profile Image for Kirsten.
356 reviews8 followers
August 5, 2011
My attention span has come to this, 30 seconds on complex theories. But let's face it, I was never going to do a psychology degree, and the topic is quite interesting. Two points that particularly struck me were the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis, and Loftus' False Memories.

The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis considers the myth of Eskimos having many words for snow with the underlying presumption that we can't think about concepts for which we lack the words. I remember discussing this with others in the past. I suspect the distinction is that you can think about anything, and create language around it, but with a smaller vocabulary it is harder to express yourself to others.

Loftus' False Memories recognises that 'memories are highly malleable and easily distorted by suggestion and misinformation'. Elizabeth Loftus ran experiments asking people their childhood memories, particularly getting lost in a shopping centre. Many described the incident even though their parents stated it never happened. I think I'm guilty of this once describing something I had done in my childhood to Mum, who then said she thought it was someone else who did it. Had I picked up family folklore and transposed it to myself? Anyway, Loftus ended up speaking on behalf of alleged rapists, child-killers and mass murderers. Interesting. I'd probably like to read more about her.

Each theory is almost always limited to a page of text, broken down into the key part (the 30-second theory), the 3 second psyche summary, the 3 minute analysis, a key quote, and then some related theories. It is generally easy enjoyable reading.
Profile Image for Sanexiah.
134 reviews40 followers
April 19, 2021
Plz don’t ask me why I’m a Psych student and yet read this introduction book lmfaooo
Only 3 stars because some context was missing and impacted the understanding of certain theories for uninformed readers. As well as the questionable choice of studies to illustrate certain theories (my opinion is that they didn’t always choose the most effective ones).
It is a good introduction book though.
Profile Image for Jon Robnett.
69 reviews1 follower
March 12, 2020
I'm learning so much about my own psyche and the way everyone else's minds work all at the same time. Concepts that were difficult to me in undergrad school made clear through this book! I'd recommend it to everyone
Profile Image for TinaGav.
161 reviews4 followers
October 5, 2020
It's a great read if you want to get familiar with essential psychology terms and theories. It's super nicely organized, with appealing graphics and colors. It would've been a fantastic asset in high school in psychology classes, where everything seemed complicated and abstract. For a more in-depth approach, this may not be the book for you.
Profile Image for Oleh Lvivskyi.
63 reviews1 follower
January 26, 2023
Цікава книга. Дозволяє розширити знання деяких базових та основних теорій з психології. Деякі теорії описані трішки сухо і незрозуміло, а також є проблеми з перекладом.
Profile Image for Youri Giedo.
18 reviews1 follower
January 28, 2024
Zou het eerder een 3,5 willen geven. Lekker beknopte uitleg over basis dingen. Chill om iets meer van dat jargon van Sam te kunnen begrijpen als hij zich weer eens uit loopt te sloven. Doet gewoon precies wat het zegt.
Profile Image for Murilo Andrade.
43 reviews22 followers
November 14, 2015
The book introduces the layman (like me) to some very interesting ideas in the field of psychology. It is interesting to see how many of the empirical psychological frameworks you already have in your mind will be found throughout the book.

The book is divided in a few sets of chapters: Old School, New School, Growth & change, Decision Making & Emotions, Social Psychology, Ways We differ, Disordered Minds, Thoughts & Languange. Each set opens with a handful of definitions used through the chapters/ideas.

Here are a few key facts I tried to retain from the book:

Piaget's stages of knowledge development: sensori-motor (0-2), pre-operational (2-7), concrete-operational (7-11), formal operational (11-15).

Vygotsky's zone of proximal development: gap between the child's actual and potential development.

Birth Order: Eldest is socially dominant and intellectual , middle is competitive and diplomatic, youngest is selfish and demanding.

Harlow Monkeys: Experiences with wired and clothed monkeys showed primates need warmth, comfort at least as much as they need food, water.

6 moral stages (Kohlberg).

Brain Plasticity: What you think can change the structure of your brain.

Paul Ekman's Universal Emotions: Developed Facial Action Coding System, and argued that microexpression are universal.

Festinger's boring task: Cognitive dissonance is the discomfort when you have incompatible conflicting beliefs or decisions

James-Lange: Emotions don't cause bodily changes. It is rather the inverse.

Wason's confirmation bias: Experience with cards showed the tendency to seek out evidence that supports our existing beliefs.

Willpower is a finite resource ( Baumeister)

Milgram's obedience study: We are all capable of doing terrible things to others if told to by someone in authority

Leaders are in general prototypical members of the group

Lake Wobegon effect: We tend to believe we are better than most.

Big Five: Extraversion, neuroticism ( anxiety, apprehension), consientiousness, agreeableness and openness are big classes psychologists use to encapsulate different traits of personality

Fundamental Attribution error: Tendency to attribute our own behaviour to events, and other's to their nature

Ericsson's 10000 rule: 10000 hours of self-critical , obsessive practice is needed to reach greatness.

Beck: "founded " CBT and took a more scientific approach, backing his ideas with data

Autism is an exaggeration of certain male traits.
Profile Image for jes.
78 reviews1 follower
Read
May 2, 2022
fun and quick read, definitely peaked my interest in psychology, loved the dada-inspired graphic design too. my fav theory is nominative determinism.
Profile Image for Lana.
28 reviews5 followers
January 8, 2024
Great introduction to psychology for those who are just getting started. If this isn't your first encounter with psychology, you will definitely recognize most of the theories/experiments in this book. Some context is missing here and there though.
Profile Image for Guillermo Jiménez.
486 reviews361 followers
April 19, 2012
Mi aceptación por la psicología viene de hace poco. El año pasado me animé a tomar terapia y le di oportunidad, o me di oportunidad de probar algo que normalmente tacha de charlatanería, incluso cuando algunas de mis lecturas incluyen obras de Freud, Jung y Fromm, entre otros "conocidos" psicólogos.

Después, mezclando mi afición por las neurociencias y la literatura en general, fue surgiendo un gusto mórbido por aquellos pioneros en elaborar teorías al respecto de la psique, el comportamiento, la manera en cómo procesamos nuestras ideas, pensamientos, comportamientos y demás.

De ahí a dar el brinco y chutarme 50 teorías explicadas en al menos 30 segundos cada una, más uno que otro perfil de "personajes clave" pues, ya no había nada de sorprendente.

Este libro funciona bien. Está escrito con pulcritud y concisión, no quedan cabos sueltos y dependiendo del autor de cada artículo [me inclino más por aquellos escritos por el editor del libro, Christian Jarret) pueden ser bastante profundos como lo permiten unos cientos de palabras.

Obvio, está ordenado casi impecablemente y las ilustraciones son muy útiles a la hora de buscar volver abstracta una teoría.

Me gusta que en el apéndice uno puede enterarse un poquitín más de los autores de los diferentes artículos de que está compuesto el libro, y que en cada biografía se menciona su cuenta de Twitter.
Profile Image for Zulhilmi Ghouse.
26 reviews4 followers
December 31, 2013
I bought this because of the cover, and also because I have an interest in psychology. I read my sister's psychology textbook once. This is like a condensed version of that, with all the most important theories. Every theory has an illustration. Can't say I love them, but it's a good book, nevertheless. Would make a nice coffee table book.
Profile Image for Jennifer.
295 reviews2 followers
June 25, 2014
The book gives you what it promises: theories of psychology in 30 seconds, not more and not less. I liked that it introduces you to the theories, but for me it was not broad enough. I would have preferred it if they made it 5-Minutes Psychology. It was like the writers gave you a one piece of candy and then took the bowl away ;)
Profile Image for Michelle.
112 reviews7 followers
August 19, 2011
Wonderful book! Easy to read, simple to understand, and great refresher on topics I learned back in Psych 101. I even learned about new theories! I think this is a great introductory book on the subject...definitely useful for classes and even conversation topics. I loved it!
Profile Image for Emma.
58 reviews
January 14, 2020
A comprehensive run down of the key ideas in psychology, although some are quite dated. Generally did a good job digesting the key points and providing a short critical analysis. It was very basic though and only really suitable for someone with no knowledge at all of psychological ideas.
Profile Image for Jess.
3 reviews
February 14, 2014
Some theories were slightly confusing to understand since they were condensed down into short paragraphs but otherwise it was a good book
Profile Image for Marnie.
22 reviews5 followers
July 10, 2020
Das Buch war in Ordnung. Man hätte es aber zu einem 60-Sekunden-Buch ausweiten können, das hätte dem Verständnis nur gut getan. So waren die Informationen mehr als knapp und manchmal auch etwas unverständlich. Ich habe nicht das Gefühl, wirklich Grundlagen mitgegeben bekommen zu haben, stattdessen hat man hier und da ganz interessante Nebenfakten bekommen. Die angerissenen Themen werden auch nicht wirklich miteinander verbunden und einen guten Einleitungstext gab es auch nicht. Nichtsdestotrotz habe ich brockenweise Infos draus ziehen können und die Glossare waren auch hilfreich. Vielleicht hätte man mehr noch hervorheben können, was wissenschaftlicher Konsens und was bereits wiederlegt ist. Und normalerweise sind Schreibfehler ja nicht schlimm, aber dieses Buch strotzt in der Deutschen Ausgabe nahezu vor Tippfehlern.

Die für mich spannendsten Themen dieses Buches:
-Wygotskis Zone
-Festingers Langweilige Aufgabe
-James-Lange-Theorie
-Wasons Bestätigungsfehler
-Baumeisters Ego-Depletion
-Zimbardos Gefängnis
-Milgrams Gehorsamkeitsstudie
-Fundamentaler Attributionsfehler
-Natur durch Kultur
-Ericssons 10000-Stunden-Regel
-Sperrys geteiltes Gehirn
-Charcots Hysterie
-Rosenhans kranke Umgebung
-Abweichende Salienz
-Sapir-Whorf-Hypothese
-Chomskys Universalgrammatik
-Loftus' falsche Erinnerungen
-Millersche Zahl
3 reviews
February 29, 2020
This is a great book if used correctly. The subject of psychology is ever changing so when reading one needs to be aware that it was published in 2011 and there have been breakthroughs in some of the subjects since then. However, it is really great at taking big theories and principles of psychology and explaining them in plain language. Even if you have no experience with psychology the theories are presented in a way most anyone can understand. I think this would be a really great book to supplement a student learning about psychology because it would help them understand these concepts in quick and easy ways as well as provide ideas for further learning in the appendix. While I have a personal issue with some of the concepts presented this book is a really good way of getting a little taste of everything.
Profile Image for Cori Spenzich.
Author 4 books4 followers
May 5, 2019
Does a great job providing single page summaries, and the accompanying artwork is excellent.

I was most interested in:

Confirmation Bias
Groupthink
Stereotype Threat
Follow The Leader (Social Identity Theory)
The Lake Wobegon Effect
Fundamental Attribution Error
Rosenhan's Insane Places
Loftus's False Memories

Most of these were interesting because of the cultural relevance around polarization between groups and dehumanizing of the other (follow the leader, groupthink, fundamental attribution error, confirmation bias).

This is a good starting point for those who wish to learn general ideas behind many theories, and to learn where to dive deeper with other books that are focused on specific theory.
Profile Image for William Schram.
2,377 reviews99 followers
September 30, 2022
Psychology is a fascinating subject. Christian Jarrett shoves fifty of the most popular theories and ideas of psychology into this book. I heard of them from various sources, so nothing was new to me, but I did learn the names of the theories.

Furthermore, the book contains short biographies of a few influential people in the field. Sigmund Freud is a given, but it also had the man who dethroned Freud, Aaron Beck.

The book is good for what it is, a primer on the subject that never gets too deep. Thanks for reading my review, and see you next time.
Profile Image for Hitesh Goenka.
Author 53 books5 followers
October 23, 2022
My kind of book. After falling in love with psychology in my early twenties, this read was a gift to me. It was a revision of the thousands of hours I self-studied this subject from various books, movies, and YouTube videos on several people discussing this subject.

I found this book a treat for those who love psychology. Snippets of various theories and experiments are given. A quick and easy read with delicious graphical descriptions. Better than chocolate! Even better than Americano, I would say!

5/5
Profile Image for Fatema.
28 reviews
March 2, 2019
A quick read on some predominant psychological theories. Even though the book is a good introduction to popular phenomenon and theories like the bystander effect or Maslow's hierarchy of needs et cetera, you are merely dipping your toe into the subject with this book. I give this book a 5 star because the content holds true to the title and it has been written for reading ease. Finally, as a reader, it is your interest in the subject that will drive you to complete the book.
Profile Image for Christoffer Hagenmalm.
25 reviews5 followers
March 8, 2019
This concept is fantastic for people who want to jump headfirst into the world of psychology. You will get a basic understanding of human behavior, what motivates us, and how little control we have over our responses. I highly recommend you read this if you want a quick overview of human psychology.
Profile Image for Tetyana Mandzyk.
41 reviews5 followers
April 28, 2022
Формат книги передбачений для тих, хто хотів би швиденько і якісно ознайомитись з ключовими поняттями, феноменами психології. Вдалі ілюстрації та короткі висновки притягують увагу. Книгу можна осягнути за день, а можна насолоджуватись кожною теорією, розтягнувши читання. Тут все залежить від мети. Певні моменти надто спрощені, але це передбачає формат книги. Мені сподобалось.
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