If you look up ‘hippies’ in the index of Todd Gitlin’s book The Sixties: Years of Hope, Days of Rage you’ll find the note: “See counterculture;” and under counterculture you’ll find a smorgasbord of topics, from rock music to mysticism, that will make certain baby-boomers swoon with nostalgia. But for those of us who grew up in the ‘80s—people who’d rather dine with Alex Keaton than Abby Hoffman—hippie culture exists in a series of colored-many-times-over childhood memories: a clattering VW van rambling across a stretch of rural interstate in a riot of colors and hand-painted peace signs, a torchlit drum circle aboriginizing the woods of a nearby park, and long-haired fellows with guitars slung over their shoulders thumbing rides from local gas stations. My own recollection of hippie culture is more domestic. It’s the dim basement of a Midwestern tract-house built in the late 1970s, shagged out with the kind of carpet you could write your name in, and framed by shelves full of eight-track rock cassettes all reflected in the glory of a disco-ball that hung from the ceiling like an all-powerful orb. It was the basement of my babysitter, the one whose shaggy blonde husband in tie-died shirts only added to the strange, just-beyond-their-hippie-years mystique of her house.
As far as American subcultures go, the hippies were but a flash in the pan. This is sometimes easy to forget given not only the way in which they have been romantically portrayed in American pop culture, but also the way in which critics of those same cultural performances have made the hippies into the archetypical embodiment of their generation. TV guide, reviewing Jonathan Berman’s 2006 documentary Commune about a hippie commune on the Black Bear Ranch in Siskiyou, California, for instance, says that the experience of its communards “speaks volumes about the attitudes and experiences that shaped the decade.” It doesn’t take much scratching at the surface to come to the hollow absurdity of that statement. The hippies, a small set of mostly white, upper middle class individuals, were but a small fraction of the roughly 22 million Americans that came of age in the mid-1960s. And the number that actually lived on communes was even smaller. To herald the hippie movement itself as a genuine and influential American counterculture is to declaim history from a (left) side view mirror rather than from the fuller picture of a rearview mirror.
It’s an interesting fact of culture that sometimes a single fictional portrayal can more adequately recapture a passed reality than those of a hundred chroniclers. Such is the case with T.C. Boyle’s Drop City, a novel about a group of hippies that are forced to relocate their free-living commune from northern California to northern Alaska. The story is told via five main characters who each employ a close third person, hand-off style of narration whereby each in turn sets the narrative table for the next. It’s a pleasing effect that makes for a fast and engaging read. Three of the narrators, Pan, Star, and Marco, are hippies themselves looking respectively for adventure, escape, and opportunity. The other two, Sess and Pamela, though anything but hippies, are looking for the same things, albeit through an even less conventional, off-the-grid lifestyle in the Alaskan bush. One of the central questions that drives the early plot forward is how these two sets of people, so different in disposition, will get along, and what potential calamities might ensue.
As far as calamities go there’s plenty throughout the novel. Some of them, such as the slightly underwhelming final sequence of events, are about as predictable as the car crash that spells the end of Drop City South earlier in the book. But many more are unexpected and genuinely exhilarating, such as when a wolverine decides to lunch on a pair of goats, or when a local knuckledragger crashes the midnight sun of a wedding party. Sometimes the misadventures are just plain funny, particularly one episode in which a bus full of hippies beat the tar out of three pale-skinned, muscle-bound, flat-topped, pickup-driving University of Oregon football players. Yet how refreshing that the many unpredictable incidents strung together across the novel’s 500 pages are not so out of the ordinary that the reader is forced to suspend large amounts of disbelief. Plotting is clearly one of Boyle’s strengths as a novelist, so much so that at times the book reads like genre fiction. Compare this with Michael Chabon’s plotting in The Yiddish Policeman’s Union and Boyle is clearly the more accomplished craftsmen.
Boyle’s characters, on the other hand, are irregularly developed and in sometimes seemingly random fashion. The two female narrators, Star and Pamela, are particularly well rendered but Sess is overly romanticized. Marco is the most emotionally complex character. Despite his proclivity to violence we are ultimately won over by his dirt-under-the-fingernails work ethic and, even despite one out-of-character scene near the end when he proves unable to put down a trapped coyote, Marco is Boyle’s most interesting character. Pan, also known as Ronnie, is made out to be a shifty, unreliable, and unlikable character from the very beginning and as the book nears its conclusion the only question that remains is whether or not he will share the same fate as the cretin Joe Bosky, that walking pile of alpha-male buffoonery on which Boyle spares no hyperbole. As for Iron Steve, he must surely exist for this beautifully evocative sentence alone: “He might have been tight lipped and more than his share of odd, not yet thirty and already a proto-coot, drunk more often than he was sober, but for all the raw-boned mass of him and the hard Slavic architecture of his face, he was gentle and good at heart.”
There’s a number of brightly glistening sentences like that one sprinkled throughout Drop City, a fact that only adds to the book’s overall shine. But it must be noted that they are the exception to the prosaic rule. As a whole, Boyle’s writing is lamentably overexposed. For the genre-reader who rarely ventures into the unpredictable wilds of literature, this will be a welcome quality. The prose is straightforward and leaves little to the imagination. One can read this book with very little pause for reflection. When Boyle does tap into a more literary vein, the results are mixed. “Twice she’d felt some inexpressible shift in the current of things and looked up to see a train of wolves clipping through the crusted snow on the proscenium of the riverbank.” That’s one of the 14 karat sentences , the generality of “things” notwithstanding. “The night was a dense and private thing, working through the motions of its own unknowable rhythms,” on the other hand, is fool’s gold. Except in the minds of the most linguistically impoverished, there’s no excuse for rendering ‘nights’ as things. But careful because ‘things’ can quickly turn into this: “the cramped space of the meeting hall buzzed with an insectoid rasp of timbreless voices sawing away at the fabric of the afternoon.” Flamboyant literary parody? Unclear, but pack your neck brace.
Whether literary or genre fiction, truthfully, matters little. The point here is social commentary and Boyle’s ability to communicate acerbic truths about the nature of mid-20th century American society and the folly of youthful idealism is remarkable. His depiction of the ‘slanted porch’ of race relations on the commune, and how it mimics race relations in the larger society, would make John Steinbeck proud. He also parodies the cult of leader worship and the parasitic nature of the feckless celebrity class through characters like the aptly named Norm and the primadonna Premstar. And finally, how can you not laugh when Drop City North, in the middle of winter and more than a hundred miles from the nearest pharmacy, is infested with pubic lice, aka crabs, and one character (read: a 20-something male) gives us a new take on the old saying there is no such thing as a free lunch (nor apparently free love)!
In summary, there’s no romanticizing the picture of hippie culture portrayed in T.C. Boyle’s Drop City. Some will undoubtedly object, others will seek to deny its accuracy. To do so, though, is to miss the point of the book. What Boyle has done, and from a remove that seems neither too hot nor too cold, is given us a plausible reality that speaks to certain truths about the Rousseauian desire to escape from civilization; namely, that it’s not possible. There’s nothing noble about savages like Joe Bosky. The hippies were the product of a generation that enjoyed all the benefits of economic largesse. And, harsh as it may sound, economic deprivation goes a lot farther to changing the world than does its spoiling opposite. In one of the most memorable sentences of the book, Boyle writes that “The notes fractured and burst like bubbles, bubbles of aluminum, of pewter, hard metallic bubbles made by a machine somewhere in hippie land.” He might have just as easily said the same about hippie dreams. © Jeffrey L. Otto, April 21, 2017