History is written by the victors and but between 1939-45 thanks to fluctuating fortunes France saw its recent history being rewritten, again and again, as she experienced, in turn, Conquest, Occupation, Collaboration, Resistance, Liberation and bloody Aftermath, involving a hostile and savage Reckoning. It is impossible to approach any story set in WW2 without knowing the outcome but Sebastian Faulks succeeds in setting his tense and absorbing story against a backdrop of a dejected and defeated France, thrown into confusion and uncertainty, and into this demoralised and divided country he drops a somewhat timorous Charlotte Gray, his SOE agent who will prove to be brave and resourceful.
Recently recruited into the secret services, by a completely random meeting, and after the briefest rudimentary training, Charlotte Gray, one moonlit night parachutes into Occupied France, and must immediately look to her own devices, calling upon her innate powers of self preservation when faced by danger at every corner and must negotiate unexpected hazards whilst seeking willing assistance when doubt, and betrayal are all around her ; the unforeseen and unexpected confound the civilian population, torn between resistance and submission, hostility and collaboration, and forcing them to re-evaluate their prospects, and reposition their immediate loyalties, as circumstances rapidly changed week by week during the conflict.
I read the book for a second time, twenty years after completing my first reading, when, like many of the GR readership I was a little disappointed, having enjoyed both ‘Girl at Lion ‘d’Or’ and ‘Birdsong’ so much. But this time I have read the novel differently, and understood Faulks preoccupation with the chaotic alliances and shifting allegiances of the French people. The idea that the French people were united in resistance after the French forces were overrun in May 1940, is simplistic and misinformed. Vast areas of France willingly embraced fascism rather than suffer the growing threat of Communism, and they saw the Occupation as a chance for France, under its Vichy Government, to preserve what was quintessentially ‘French’ and so many French people came to identify emotionally with the Germans, even if they went to great pains to change the record in the aftermath.
This unpredictability of people made life for all SOE agents, and downed RAF aircrews incredibly difficult, as they struggled to identify friend or foe in the shifting sands of a France where individuals were caught up in events simulating responses, ranging from heroic and defiant, to subservient and accepting. Everyone saw the conflict differently, and loyalties changed, as staying alive became the priority, making for impermanent alliances and fragile friendships. Partisans might be to a smaller or greater degree Free French, Fascists, Gaullists or Communists, or a little of each, as they saw the situation changing, almost on a daily basis.
The wide sweeping and visceral narrative, with a cast of vivid characters, pulls no punches and leaves the reader with dark deeds indelibly etched, but with redemption a possibility. Raw and base emotions are laid bare, and intimacies shared, as each character is challenged by desperate situations not of their choosing. The author creates in Lysander pilot, Peter Gregory a rather under stated airman, shy and retiring, withdrawn to the point of anonymity, so unlike the dashing young cavalier aircrews of Fighter Command, known so well through their exploits in the Battle of Britain. He is surprised by his own delayed response to the affections of the inexperienced young Scottish girl, whose affections trouble him by breaking through his reserve and detachment, but whose love provides him with the will to survive.
No one does ‘time and place’ better than Sebastian Faulks and, once again, his characterisation through this wartime conflict is spot on. But I notice some readers find the naivety of Charlotte Gray rather insipid and annoying, and some plot lines implausible. Not me. Such criticism overlooks the complexity of the central character and the ‘baggage’ she is carrying, traumatised by some disturbing event she suffered as a young teen - “betrayal and violation” by her father - and so she is emotionally repressed and, sexually inexperienced and confused. She finds meaning in the company of strangers, and Faulks sees her as an innocent in an evil world. Seldom alarmed but constantly on her guard she leads something of a charmed life, even persuading a respectable but slightly drunk German Officer to leave her room when he pursued her from the dining room of a provincial hotel. In fact her survival looks improbable from the moment the suited clubbable gentlemen (returning from some Golf on the Scottish links maybe ?) identify her on the train south from Edinburgh, as a possible recruit to their clandestine world.
Successful penetration and integration within any community in rural France would have been very difficult, at any time during the conflict, and into this tense and impermanent world Charlotte Gray treads a difficult path, knowing one mistake will lead to her undoing and she will face the firing squad. The immediacy of danger and the urgency of preserving life take her on a journey of self discovery, “It made her laugh inside. I’m just a romantic girl who’s come to find her lost lover, she thought, but they look at me as though I were a woman of fierce conviction, a person of unshakeable dedication in the fight for freedom.”
She realises in a world of simulation that one’s true identity is hidden from view but maybe “to some extent you are what other people think you are.”