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The Reinvention of Humanity: A Story of Race, Sex, Gender and the Discovery of Culture
*THE NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER*
'Magnificent' Guardian / 'Vitally relevant' Financial Times
The Reinvention of Humanity tells the riveting story of a small circle of renegade scientist-explorers who changed something profound: what it means to be normal.
In the early twentieth century, these pioneering anthropologists, most of them women, made intrepid journeys that overturned our assumptions about race, sexuality, gender and the nature of human diversity. From the Arctic to the South Pacific, from Haiti to Japan, they immersed themselves in distant or isolated communities, where they observed and documented radically different approaches to love and child-rearing, family structure and the relationship between women and men. With this evidence they were able to challenge the era’s scientific consensus – and deep-rooted Western belief – that intelligence, ability and character are determined by a person’s race or sex, and show that the roles people play in society are shaped in fact according to the immense variety of human cultures.
Theirs were boundary-breaking lives, filled with scandal, romance, rivalry and tragedy. Those of Margaret Mead and her essential partner Ruth Benedict resulted in fame and notoriety. Those of Native American activist Ella Deloria and the African-American writer and ethnographer Zora Neale Hurston ended in poverty and obscurity; here their achievements are brought fully into the light for the first time. All were outsiders, including the controversial founder of their field, the wild-haired professor, German immigrant and revolutionary thinker, Franz Boas.
The Reinvention of Humanity takes us on their globe-spanning adventures and shows how, together, these courageous and unconventional people created the moral universe we inhabit today.
'Magnificent' Guardian / 'Vitally relevant' Financial Times
The Reinvention of Humanity tells the riveting story of a small circle of renegade scientist-explorers who changed something profound: what it means to be normal.
In the early twentieth century, these pioneering anthropologists, most of them women, made intrepid journeys that overturned our assumptions about race, sexuality, gender and the nature of human diversity. From the Arctic to the South Pacific, from Haiti to Japan, they immersed themselves in distant or isolated communities, where they observed and documented radically different approaches to love and child-rearing, family structure and the relationship between women and men. With this evidence they were able to challenge the era’s scientific consensus – and deep-rooted Western belief – that intelligence, ability and character are determined by a person’s race or sex, and show that the roles people play in society are shaped in fact according to the immense variety of human cultures.
Theirs were boundary-breaking lives, filled with scandal, romance, rivalry and tragedy. Those of Margaret Mead and her essential partner Ruth Benedict resulted in fame and notoriety. Those of Native American activist Ella Deloria and the African-American writer and ethnographer Zora Neale Hurston ended in poverty and obscurity; here their achievements are brought fully into the light for the first time. All were outsiders, including the controversial founder of their field, the wild-haired professor, German immigrant and revolutionary thinker, Franz Boas.
The Reinvention of Humanity takes us on their globe-spanning adventures and shows how, together, these courageous and unconventional people created the moral universe we inhabit today.
448 pages, Hardcover
Published November 7, 2019
30 people are currently reading
483 people want to read
About the author
Charles King
14 books217 followersCharles King is a New York Times-bestselling author and a professor at Georgetown University. His books include EVERY VALLEY (2024), on the making of Handel's Messiah, which was a New York Times Notable Book; GODS OF THE UPPER AIR (2019), on the reinvention of race and gender in the early twentieth century, which was a finalist for the National Book Critics Circle Award and winner of the Francis Parkman Prize and the Anisfield-Wolf Award; MIDNIGHT AT THE PERA PALACE (2014), on the birth of modern Istanbul, which was the inspiration for a Netflix series of the same name; and ODESSA (2011), winner of a National Jewish Book Award.
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Displaying 1 - 18 of 18 reviews
December 9, 2024
Got given this book before my degree, decided to read it after. Would have been extremely useful to read it before.
January 22, 2025
This is a book of many stories, over many geographies, through many years, and with a good few characters.
It central story is how anthropology grew into a distinct form of academic study from the last quarter of the 19th C through to the end of WWII. Within this narrative, the writer shows how the initial students eventually become the teachers of the next generation following themselves, how their knowledge was transferred and re-analysed and re-applied.
Along the way there is a human story of the characters themselves, their relationships with one another, personal successes and financial crises, romantic marriages and complicated divorces. We follow them from Germany and New York onward to the Canadian Pacific coast, Papua New Guinea and the Pacific archipelago as these ambitious academics head "into the field" to study the local populations.
But for me the two most intriguing and rewarding aspects of the book were firstly how it looked at the interactions between these anthropologists and the orthodox understandings of society that they were challenging, and secondly how intolerant wider society and politics remained despite them.
On the former, it was fascinating to read about how the main character of the book and pioneer of modern anthropology, Franz Boas, challenged the view of humanity as a group of cultures ordered in a set, linear form from savage to civilized, with all societies destined inevitably to follow the same cultural path of development and alongside that, challenging the moralising undertones that such views inevitably encourage.
On the latter, in the final chapters the author makes some striking observations that show how little impact this new field of study, modern anthropology, actually had on the politics of global powers. Here he talks of the "racial dominance that had animated American foreign policy from Theodore Roosevelt forward, the fitter, whiter races imposing their will on the lesser and darker." (p. 328) During WWII, the author notes that "none of America's enemies saw themselves as opponents of American values. Not even Adolf Hitler claimed to be against freedom, justice, or prosperity. Rather, they saw themselves as better, more advanced versions of what they believed Americans had been trying to achieve." (p.332)
Fundamentally a biography of a handful of adventurous and intellectually curious characters, the book is ultimately the story of how a few generations of progressive academics challenged other humans' views of themselves and the societies around them, and despite the mostly unfruitful story that was (and still is), it maintains a lightness and pace that allows for gentle enjoyment from start to finish.
It central story is how anthropology grew into a distinct form of academic study from the last quarter of the 19th C through to the end of WWII. Within this narrative, the writer shows how the initial students eventually become the teachers of the next generation following themselves, how their knowledge was transferred and re-analysed and re-applied.
Along the way there is a human story of the characters themselves, their relationships with one another, personal successes and financial crises, romantic marriages and complicated divorces. We follow them from Germany and New York onward to the Canadian Pacific coast, Papua New Guinea and the Pacific archipelago as these ambitious academics head "into the field" to study the local populations.
But for me the two most intriguing and rewarding aspects of the book were firstly how it looked at the interactions between these anthropologists and the orthodox understandings of society that they were challenging, and secondly how intolerant wider society and politics remained despite them.
On the former, it was fascinating to read about how the main character of the book and pioneer of modern anthropology, Franz Boas, challenged the view of humanity as a group of cultures ordered in a set, linear form from savage to civilized, with all societies destined inevitably to follow the same cultural path of development and alongside that, challenging the moralising undertones that such views inevitably encourage.
On the latter, in the final chapters the author makes some striking observations that show how little impact this new field of study, modern anthropology, actually had on the politics of global powers. Here he talks of the "racial dominance that had animated American foreign policy from Theodore Roosevelt forward, the fitter, whiter races imposing their will on the lesser and darker." (p. 328) During WWII, the author notes that "none of America's enemies saw themselves as opponents of American values. Not even Adolf Hitler claimed to be against freedom, justice, or prosperity. Rather, they saw themselves as better, more advanced versions of what they believed Americans had been trying to achieve." (p.332)
Fundamentally a biography of a handful of adventurous and intellectually curious characters, the book is ultimately the story of how a few generations of progressive academics challenged other humans' views of themselves and the societies around them, and despite the mostly unfruitful story that was (and still is), it maintains a lightness and pace that allows for gentle enjoyment from start to finish.
January 19, 2023
Praticamente ogni membro del circolo di Boas fu regolarmente accusato di ingenuità, mancanza di civiltà o patriottismo e immoralità. Lo scopo di tutti loro era proprio quello di turbare e indirizzare la coscienza umana in modo da far rinunciare all'idea che tutta la storia conduce inesorabilmente a <>
October 6, 2021
'Their response was [...] a theory of humanity that embraces all the many ways we humans have devised for living. The social categories into which we typically divide ourselves, including labels such as race and gender, are at base artificial - the products of human artiface, residing in the mental frameworks and unconscious habits of a given society.'
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This was a great read. I hadn't heard of Franz Boas before, or most of the women whose work King describes in this book. This group of anthropologists - Margaret Mead, Ruth Benedict, Zora Neale Hurston and Ella Deloria - should be better known. Their attempts to understand how various human societies were ordered - from gender identity and sexuality to ritual and work - went against the grain. Particularly in the early 20th Century when ideas of race and the superiority of certain groups were so prevalent in countries such as the US and Germany. In their fieldwork and writing, these women were pioneers who found that 'mixing is the natural state of the world'. King does their ideas justice here.
.
This was a great read. I hadn't heard of Franz Boas before, or most of the women whose work King describes in this book. This group of anthropologists - Margaret Mead, Ruth Benedict, Zora Neale Hurston and Ella Deloria - should be better known. Their attempts to understand how various human societies were ordered - from gender identity and sexuality to ritual and work - went against the grain. Particularly in the early 20th Century when ideas of race and the superiority of certain groups were so prevalent in countries such as the US and Germany. In their fieldwork and writing, these women were pioneers who found that 'mixing is the natural state of the world'. King does their ideas justice here.
January 21, 2020
The genre of group biography enables authors to trace the development of ideas between individuals in a way that I find much more interesting than is found in biographies where the single subject is central and, although influences can be identified, the context and relationships that promote those influences are less clear.
While this book focuses on Franz Boas, his influence on the discipline of anthropology is traced not only through his own intellectual development but through his impact on three anthropologists who followed him - Margaret Mead, Ruth Benedict and Zora Neale Hurston (I had no idea that Hurston was an anthropologist: by an odd coincidence I am also currently reading her novel "Their Eyes were Watching God.")
Charles King gives the reader a good insight into how anthropological research was conducted in the early years of the twentieth century, as well as an account of the complicated relationships between the researchers. But what interested me most was his story of how the researchers developed their ideas and subjected them to close scrutiny.
My only real criticism of the book is its US focus. I wanted to know how the thinking of anthropologists at UK universities in the same period, such as Malinowski and Evans-Pritchard, related to Boas and his stream within the discipline.
While securely grounded in research, the book is not a dry read and is engagingly written. The extensive notes are not obtrusive: no footnotes interrupt the story. King concludes his study with some wise words which sum up the potential contribution of anthropology:
"The most enduring prejudices are the comfortable ones, those hidden up close; seeing the world as it is requires some distance, a view from the upper air. Realizing the limitations of your own culture, even if it claims to be cultureless and global; feeling the power of prayer even if you reject someone else's god; understanding the inner logic of bewildering political preferences; sensing the worry and depression, the disquiet and rage, caused in other people by the very outlooks on reality that seem wholly natural to you - these are s built up over a lifetime. Their promise is that, with enough effort, we might come to know humanity in all its complexity, in fits and starts, with dim glimpses of a different world appearing through the mist of custom, changing us, unseating us, in a way destroying us - the baffling, terrifying liberation of home truths falling away."
While this book focuses on Franz Boas, his influence on the discipline of anthropology is traced not only through his own intellectual development but through his impact on three anthropologists who followed him - Margaret Mead, Ruth Benedict and Zora Neale Hurston (I had no idea that Hurston was an anthropologist: by an odd coincidence I am also currently reading her novel "Their Eyes were Watching God.")
Charles King gives the reader a good insight into how anthropological research was conducted in the early years of the twentieth century, as well as an account of the complicated relationships between the researchers. But what interested me most was his story of how the researchers developed their ideas and subjected them to close scrutiny.
My only real criticism of the book is its US focus. I wanted to know how the thinking of anthropologists at UK universities in the same period, such as Malinowski and Evans-Pritchard, related to Boas and his stream within the discipline.
While securely grounded in research, the book is not a dry read and is engagingly written. The extensive notes are not obtrusive: no footnotes interrupt the story. King concludes his study with some wise words which sum up the potential contribution of anthropology:
"The most enduring prejudices are the comfortable ones, those hidden up close; seeing the world as it is requires some distance, a view from the upper air. Realizing the limitations of your own culture, even if it claims to be cultureless and global; feeling the power of prayer even if you reject someone else's god; understanding the inner logic of bewildering political preferences; sensing the worry and depression, the disquiet and rage, caused in other people by the very outlooks on reality that seem wholly natural to you - these are s built up over a lifetime. Their promise is that, with enough effort, we might come to know humanity in all its complexity, in fits and starts, with dim glimpses of a different world appearing through the mist of custom, changing us, unseating us, in a way destroying us - the baffling, terrifying liberation of home truths falling away."
October 21, 2020
I'm steadily working my way through what look like interesting ebooks on my local library's system, though some of the things I want to read are reserved till well into next year and it's also not the most easy system to search. *sigh*
Anyway, while I mostly read genre fiction, I do also like non-fiction books about history and The Reinvention of Humanity seemed an ideal choice for me - it's essentially about the birth of the modern discipline of anthropology, as told through the stories of Franz Boas and his (mostly female) students. For those who don't know Boas, he was a German scientist who was significantly involved in pushing for the formalisation of the new science, with unfortunate side trips into anthropometry (measuring human bodies in support of race theories) and the ability to inspire deep admiration among his students despite his apparently quite poor teaching methods.
This book is mostly about Margaret Mead, Zora Neale Hurston and Ella Cara Deloria, who helped study a variety of cultures both in the US and overseas. It doesn't hold back in terms of honestly recounting their various issues (personal and professional) and often troubled relationships, usually with other anthropologists. Mead in particular was not a major proponent of monogamy and there were all sorts of romantic entanglements throughout her life.
It also tells the story of the birth of a discipline against the backdrop of both racial theories within the US and elsewhere - like me, you may already be aware that Hitler was an avid supporter of what was done in the South of the US under the Jim Crow laws - as well as the associated field of eugenics. Add to this a war where Boas suddenly found himself going from accepted immigrant from a group whose work ethic was admired to potential supporter of the enemy whose outspoken views made him suspect, and you can see all sorts of issues arising. Similar things happen with the outbreak of World War II, as various anthropologists get dragged into efforts to get the US to understand how the mind of the enemy, particularly the Japanese one, works and how best to affect this if the US need to take over running that country.
Anyway, an interesting read if you're interested in how anthropology came to be, as seen through our current understanding of the issues that were skated over at the time.
Anyway, while I mostly read genre fiction, I do also like non-fiction books about history and The Reinvention of Humanity seemed an ideal choice for me - it's essentially about the birth of the modern discipline of anthropology, as told through the stories of Franz Boas and his (mostly female) students. For those who don't know Boas, he was a German scientist who was significantly involved in pushing for the formalisation of the new science, with unfortunate side trips into anthropometry (measuring human bodies in support of race theories) and the ability to inspire deep admiration among his students despite his apparently quite poor teaching methods.
This book is mostly about Margaret Mead, Zora Neale Hurston and Ella Cara Deloria, who helped study a variety of cultures both in the US and overseas. It doesn't hold back in terms of honestly recounting their various issues (personal and professional) and often troubled relationships, usually with other anthropologists. Mead in particular was not a major proponent of monogamy and there were all sorts of romantic entanglements throughout her life.
It also tells the story of the birth of a discipline against the backdrop of both racial theories within the US and elsewhere - like me, you may already be aware that Hitler was an avid supporter of what was done in the South of the US under the Jim Crow laws - as well as the associated field of eugenics. Add to this a war where Boas suddenly found himself going from accepted immigrant from a group whose work ethic was admired to potential supporter of the enemy whose outspoken views made him suspect, and you can see all sorts of issues arising. Similar things happen with the outbreak of World War II, as various anthropologists get dragged into efforts to get the US to understand how the mind of the enemy, particularly the Japanese one, works and how best to affect this if the US need to take over running that country.
Anyway, an interesting read if you're interested in how anthropology came to be, as seen through our current understanding of the issues that were skated over at the time.
July 19, 2021
A wonderful read shredding introspection-worthy wisdom. A perspective on a collective story-arc of societies/communities including that of Anthropologists.
Being new to the technicality of anthropology, this was afresh a view on how the department evolved, devolved alongside infighting and was critical in modern views or outlooks of accepting/respecting other cultures.
However, am not sure if the author can be so sure about the details of these historic figures in their fields. In some pages, it looked like the author camped next to these thinkers and wrote the lines; which doesn’t flavour to be very authentic.
A lovely book, nevertheless.
Being new to the technicality of anthropology, this was afresh a view on how the department evolved, devolved alongside infighting and was critical in modern views or outlooks of accepting/respecting other cultures.
However, am not sure if the author can be so sure about the details of these historic figures in their fields. In some pages, it looked like the author camped next to these thinkers and wrote the lines; which doesn’t flavour to be very authentic.
A lovely book, nevertheless.
July 8, 2022
A very interesting, informative, and readable insight into some of the key students of anthropologist Franz Boas who helped define the field of cultural anthropology and the assumptions of the day. Well written and engaging, this is a great insight into some of the key names in the field.
July 30, 2025
Why?
I am interested and currently (somewhat) studying social/cultural anthropology. I struggled with understanding 'cultural relativism' in particular and I stumbled over Boas a few times while trying to grasp it. A concise history of him and his immediate impact (including the careers of his students) seemed like a cool way to learn more about the topic.
The book
The book reads a lot like the high-budget pop-history youtube videos, using short quotes to 'let the characters talk for themselves' and inserting humor and explanations afterwards. All of this is dipped into a thick gloss of liberalism. At the start of the book King says "This is not a book about politics [or] ethics" (p.4) which is a wild statement, especially considering the book that follows it. I have to assume this was written to lure in the rational-minded and rightists, but I cant see how these folks would buy a book with "gender" on the frontpage in the first place. History cant help itself but to draw narratives but liberalism like most ideologies denies this. A story of "science and scientists" (p.4) that takes little time to put not just the people but scientific institutions in a grander context is missing something. But to be fair to him this is something King tries to achieve, he dedicates chapters to anthropology's role in eugenics, race science and the war effort. These were very educating and interesting asides but they left me wanting for more. More of systems interlinking and less of brave, smart and forward-thinking men and women in their individual pursuits of knowledge. This might just be a mistake that cant be avoided with books focused on people instead of movements. After having read Women, Race & Class a short while ago I just feel like a history book can be so much more engaging while dealing with century-dried material, without having to use cheap rhetoric tricks. In the end I learned a lot from this book but I don't think the outstanding subject matter should let the presentation get away. It's easy to read, and I'm sure it's very fun to read if you don't care too much
21/7 edit: I read through my highlighted sections again and I think I was a little harsh on this book. It covers a lot of ground and it does do a good job at delivering its central points - namely the advantages of cultural relativism and critical self-reflection. I really appreciate that the anthropologists arent displayed like a tight-knit hivemind but that some hard-hitting criticism like that of Ela Deloria on p. 241f ("Margaret Mead had found her own stint in in a Native American community, the Omaha, to be manly an exercise in what she called 'too-late-ethnology'. Anything of interest seemed to her long dead, killed off by poverty and white invasion. But Deloria knew this couldn't be the case. After all, what would that make her, except a ghost with a suitcase? Even an experienced fieldworker like Mead could be guilty of what Deloria called 'armchair anthropolgy.' A better methig was to give up trying to identify the dying embers of an older civilization and instead get to know the living, right-now culture of the people you were actually surrounded by - women and men who weren't stuck in history but, like Deloria herself, were feeling their way through it.") Its a section that showed even a culturally relative perspective can suffer from evolutionist remnants and orientalism of the 'noble savage' variety, and that the privileged among us (!) have the biggest blind-spot for those.
I am interested and currently (somewhat) studying social/cultural anthropology. I struggled with understanding 'cultural relativism' in particular and I stumbled over Boas a few times while trying to grasp it. A concise history of him and his immediate impact (including the careers of his students) seemed like a cool way to learn more about the topic.
The book
The book reads a lot like the high-budget pop-history youtube videos, using short quotes to 'let the characters talk for themselves' and inserting humor and explanations afterwards. All of this is dipped into a thick gloss of liberalism. At the start of the book King says "This is not a book about politics [or] ethics" (p.4) which is a wild statement, especially considering the book that follows it. I have to assume this was written to lure in the rational-minded and rightists, but I cant see how these folks would buy a book with "gender" on the frontpage in the first place. History cant help itself but to draw narratives but liberalism like most ideologies denies this. A story of "science and scientists" (p.4) that takes little time to put not just the people but scientific institutions in a grander context is missing something. But to be fair to him this is something King tries to achieve, he dedicates chapters to anthropology's role in eugenics, race science and the war effort. These were very educating and interesting asides but they left me wanting for more. More of systems interlinking and less of brave, smart and forward-thinking men and women in their individual pursuits of knowledge. This might just be a mistake that cant be avoided with books focused on people instead of movements. After having read Women, Race & Class a short while ago I just feel like a history book can be so much more engaging while dealing with century-dried material, without having to use cheap rhetoric tricks. In the end I learned a lot from this book but I don't think the outstanding subject matter should let the presentation get away. It's easy to read, and I'm sure it's very fun to read if you don't care too much
21/7 edit: I read through my highlighted sections again and I think I was a little harsh on this book. It covers a lot of ground and it does do a good job at delivering its central points - namely the advantages of cultural relativism and critical self-reflection. I really appreciate that the anthropologists arent displayed like a tight-knit hivemind but that some hard-hitting criticism like that of Ela Deloria on p. 241f ("Margaret Mead had found her own stint in in a Native American community, the Omaha, to be manly an exercise in what she called 'too-late-ethnology'. Anything of interest seemed to her long dead, killed off by poverty and white invasion. But Deloria knew this couldn't be the case. After all, what would that make her, except a ghost with a suitcase? Even an experienced fieldworker like Mead could be guilty of what Deloria called 'armchair anthropolgy.' A better methig was to give up trying to identify the dying embers of an older civilization and instead get to know the living, right-now culture of the people you were actually surrounded by - women and men who weren't stuck in history but, like Deloria herself, were feeling their way through it.") Its a section that showed even a culturally relative perspective can suffer from evolutionist remnants and orientalism of the 'noble savage' variety, and that the privileged among us (!) have the biggest blind-spot for those.
December 18, 2019
Really interesting and informative
March 11, 2022
A genuinely fascinating read. Will definitely be leafing through this again. Crammed full of interesting facts about; anthropological theory, the expansion of the discipline, the difficulty of surviving academic culls and also conceptual discussions r.e. nature/nurture, sexuality and gender identity, racial identity and how pernicious racist theories were given scientific credibility... and loads more. The only reason I'm reluctant to give 5 stars is because the book's title, blurb and intro' are misleading; I actually thought I'd be reading about the communities and individuals Boas/Mead/Benedict etc 'explored' (guess I'll have to read their actual works instead which is a positive outcome). Also the insight into Japanese identity seemed squashed onto the end and at points I found King accepted some of eugenicist-derived outcomes of certain anthropologists as "of the time" but his thorough analysis I think does make up for these slippages.
September 6, 2025
So I didnt realise this was non fiction when I got it but what a fun surprise. The book examines some of the leading figures who helped develop the field of anthropology and the backlash they faced (especially in their opposition to lots of race theory). The historical context of the first half of the 20th century played a big role in this but that actually made it feel very grounded and relevant. It was a tad US heavy (with only acknowledgement that there were some people involved from the UK) - even the historical context was the same (eg, focusing on the second world war impacts on the US rather than wider).Super well written and easy to read/follow. Not really a factoid type of non fiction but more a story which is my preference
November 28, 2022
A history of anthropology starting with it's "inventor" Franz Boas and discussing many of his students like Margaret Mead, Ruth Benedict, Zora Neale Hurston, Gregotry Bateson among others written for the ordinary reader and totally fascinating. Franz Boaz was a German Jew and came to the USA with the idea of founding an anthropological discourse. It took him years. He helped Margaret Mead who lived an open life having relations with both men (Gregory Bateson, and 3 others at various times) and women (Ruth Benedict) that she worked with.
She wrote one of the most popular anthropological books Coming of Age in Samoa which was later criticized.
I enjoyed this book very much.
She wrote one of the most popular anthropological books Coming of Age in Samoa which was later criticized.
I enjoyed this book very much.
April 10, 2024
antropizzare gli accademici potentissimi a cui dobbiamo la nostra disciplina e il cambiamento radicale delle nelle nostre prospettive è prezioso. Avrei preferito non percepire così tanto lo sguardo maschile che invece sembra insuperabile, ma alla fine papà franz era colui a cui tutto girava attorno e Margaret era una ragazza fragile
April 23, 2022
liczyłam na historię niebinarności i queerowości wśród różnych społeczności, a przeczytałam historię grupy antropologów, którzy mieli dobre intencje, ale jak to bywa w antropologii patrzyli na wszystko przez pryzmat siebie, nie rozumiejąc do końca wycinka rzeczywistości, który widzą
September 20, 2022
I wish Charles King had spent more time on the theoretical thought of Boas, Mead, Benedict, Hurston and others and less time on their biographies. The "reinvention of humanity" is a mighty big term that could use more explanation. But interesting it is...
July 14, 2022
Molto più che accademico
September 3, 2021
5 starzzz
Displaying 1 - 18 of 18 reviews