Recommended by D. Murphy. Solid advice for the person looking to get into investing by finding a financial advisor and working with them. Major takeaways: owning (stocks) is by nature more lucrative than lending (bonds) since returns aren’t capped, you aren’t losing money if you choose not to sell, the difference between currency and money, four behavioral tactics for investing, the young might not have more money but they have time (and compounding makes that more valuable), the value of dollar cost averaging in acquiring more shares for cheap in bear markets, doing nothing makes a successful investor.
Highlights:
- Page 16: “1. it is simple to accumulate wealth through patient, disciplined investment and equity mutual funds – those funds which invest primarily if not exclusively in common stocks. 2. if history is any guide (and it’s the only guy that we have), and if you give your investment program both enough time and enough money, wealth is ultimately inevitable.”
- Page 21: “wealth isn’t primarily determined by investment performance, but by investor behavior.”
- Page 22: “simply stated, most families will be more successful at achieving and preserving wealth with the help of a caring and competent financial advisor and by trying to do it themselves.”
- Page 22: “taking the time to understand you and your family emotionally as well as financially, building that overall plan and helping you find it with appropriate investments, and guiding you passed all the facts and fears of an investing lifetime — serving in effect as your own in-house ‘appropriate behavior’ coach – that’s what great advisers do. And their value is many times their cost, which is — or ought to be — your main concern.”
- Page 24 “risk is not knowing what you’re doing” (warren Buffett)
- Page 27: these days, a professional investment advisor probably cost around 1% per year. The only worthwhile question, then, is: will working with an advisor add more than 1% (or whatever) to your total lifetime return?
- Page 32: do not care what they know until you know that they care.
- Page 38: there is nothing new in the world except the history you do not know. (Harry S Truman)
- Page 50: “all our common sense, and all our life experience, tell us that the owners of good businesses make more money than do their lenders, if only because owners take more risk. When you invest in stocks, you’re an owner of businesses. When you invest in bonds, your lender to businesses. Everything else is commentary.”
- Page 51: “the right question is: what is risk?“
- Page 54: chapters 3 and four complete this book central investment thesis, began in the last chapter.
- One. The real long-term total return of equities is so much greater than that of bonds that holding bonds is irrational for the true wealth seeker. (An owner, not a loaner).
- Two. While stocks are much more volatile than bonds, sometimes horrifically so, the passage of time leeches the risk out of stocks. Moreover, volatility isn’t risk, and volatility passes away, while the premium returns of stocks remain. (What the real risk isn’t).
- Three. The great long-term financial risk isn’t loss of principle, but erosion of purchasing power. Stocks increase in value, and raise their dividends, at a much greater rate than inflation saps our purchasing power. The great long-term risk of stocks is, therefore, not owning them. (What the real risk is).
- Page 58: the fewer stocks you own, the greater are your opportunities to outperform — and under perform — the market as a whole.
- Page 65: Warren Buffett’s personal shareholdings in his Berkshire Hathaway declined in $6.2 billion between July 17 and August 31 of 1998. How much did he lose? The answer is, of course, he didn’t lose anything. Why? That simple: he didn’t sell.
- Page 65: the best book that’s ever been written about stocks as an asset class is stocks for the long run by Professor Jeremy J Siegel of the Wharton school of University of Pennsylvania.
- Page 66: the repeated sentence in the book above: “fear has a greater grasp on human action then does the impressive weight of historical evidence.”
- Page 67: “the only thing we have to fear is fear itself.”
- Page 68: “then the highest and best function of an advisor may simply be in convincing you not to lose faith – not to sell.“ They stay rational.
- Page 72: because even if your timing were perfect — and it won’t be — you historically don’t gain much by it. Interesting graph about the differences between investing annually at the high and investing annually at the low between 1979 and 1998. Both investors reinvested their dividends. In the end, the returns are separated by just 1.7% per year.
- Page 75: the world does not end. People just fear that it’s ending. And part this is because people fear lost much more than they hoped for gain. Therefore they react much more emotionally to declining markets then to rising ones. Loss aversion.
- Page 88: “the thing you’re holding in your hand is currency. In no long-term sense is it money, if by money we made a constant reliable store of value.”
- Page 100: “be careful of words. Be very careful of who is using them to mean what. And be downright scared when everyone is using them to mean the same thing – because that’s your cue that they mean something else, and may actually mean the opposite of the conventional interpretation.”
- Page 101: “all investing, and especially equity investing, is first and last a battle with your own anxiety.”
- Page 108: “behavioral tactics are:
- setting goals and dollar specific, date specific terms,
- establishing a plan for achieving these goals, assuming a specific rate (or rates) of return,
- investing the same dollar amount at regular intervals, so as to harness the power of dollar cost averaging, and
- meeting your retirement income needs via systematic withdrawal from your equity mutual funds portfolio.”
- Page 113: “And, make no mistake about this, your plan has to be carried out in the monthly investments, for psychological even more than for financial reasons. Don’t tell yourself you’re going to do it in one big chunk out of your annual bonus, because we both know you won’t. One year the whole kitchen will have to be remodeled, and one year somebody will offer you the deal of a lifetime on the both of your dreams, the days will dwindle down to a precious few… Fahgeddaboudit. It has to be treated like your most important monthly bill. Because, of course, that’s exactly what it is.”
- Page 113: “Young people tend to look at the wealth building glass is half empty — they have so little money to invest — and they should be seeing that it’s at least half full: they’ve got so much time.”
- Page 121: when you’re dollar-cost averaging (DCA), you want the stock market to decline early and often. (So that you buy greater amounts of shares at a discount)
- Page 122: one caveat. We dollar cost average because we have to, not because we want to. Should you receive a lump sum which you need to invest, don’t dollar cost average with it. Go ahead and invest it.
- Page 123: “remember, it’s OK to feel the feeling, it’s just not OK to act on the feeling.”
- Page 130: “the right time to buy equities is always when you have the money. The only time to sell them is when you need the money. Otherwise… Just let them grow.“
- Page 131: “DCA empowers you to view bear markets as an opportunist rather than a victim.”
- Page 141: since the following mutual funds all tend to run in different cycles, the author recommends investing in the five mutual fund groups: large-cap growth, large-cap value, small-cap growth, small-cap value, and international.
- Page 142: an index — any index, be it the S&P 500, NASDAQ composite, or the Russell 2000 — tells you the average return of all the money that’s invested in all the stocks and that index. But you and I can’t buy an index; the closest we can come is to buy an index fund, which should give us the index return less the expenses of running the fund. Happily, index fund expenses should be pretty low.
- Page 151: but now, you mostly have to do just about the hardest thing you’re asked to do in investing: nothing
- Page 153: the more often you change your portfolio, the lower your lifetime return will be. There is a perfect inverse correlation between turnover and return. If you don’t intuitively believe this, make the time to read a paper called “trading is hazardous to your wealth: the common stock investment performance of individual investors”.
- Page 162: “at the end of the day, the issue is an indexing versus active management. It’s cost.“
- Page 163: “optimism is the only realism. It’s the only worldview that squares with the facts, and with the historical record. And we ain’t seen nothing yet.”
- Page 173: recommended reading for understanding the analysis of managing a portfolio of mutual funds: “the complete guide to managing a portfolio of mutual funds“ by Ronald K Rutherford
- Read David McCollough’s biography of Harry Truman (good for your soul)