It’s easy to dismiss the 'psychiatrisation' of our society, whereas every behaviour which were once considered ‘normal’, or at least not dysfunctional to the point of requiring treatment, are now branded ‘disorders’ of some sort and to be addressed, preferably with pills. Cheats are no longer cheats but suffering from ‘hypersexuality’; moody people are labelled ‘bipolar’; being worried and sad is a sure sign of ‘anxiety disorder’; shyness has been turned into ‘social phobia’; obesity and an unhealthy diet is nothing but a ‘binge eating disorder’; and, dangerously, even kids are not spared by such diluting and labelling of what were once serious conditions but those symptoms have now been rendered so flexible and wide that it catches pretty much all of us, with the fidgety ones being treated as ‘ADHD’, and most of the quirky ones struggling to fit in suspected as probably on the so-called ‘autism spectrum’.
It’s easy, also, to point fingers at the culprits benefiting from it all: the pharmaceutical industry which (but, oh! what a coincidence!) has, conveniently, every sort of pills to sell us in order to address every sort of problems which were not problems decades ago.
It’s easy, and yet…
Personally, I surely agree with the author denouncing here all the points above, but, to a certain extend only.
It’s true, diagnosis inflation is in part the product of a financially interested industry out to make profits. It’s not about thrashing Big Pharma (and certainly not about accusing it of being a conspiracy out to get us all!) but about stating a basic fact: the concerned companies are indeed first and foremost businesses, and, as businesses, they do what businesses do to survive -they create needs and wants to sell us their stuff.
It’s true, too, that we ought to question most of the diagnosis ‘en vogue’ these days, as they might be more the product of our zeitgeist than scientifically accurate conditions. A psychiatrist himself, to nail the point Allen Frances reminds us here of the history of psychiatry itself, and how it was at times guilty of indulging in clinical fads we have now forgotten or debunked: a century ago, people were supposedly suffering from neurasthenia, hysteria and other dubious ‘illnesses’; nowadays we have diagnosis which have been stretched to such a point that anyone quirky or eccentric enough could be labelled on the autism spectrum, as anyone struggling with moods put on the bipolar spectrum (including, again, children, which is completely bonkers). I, again, agree.
However, diagnosis inflation is, also, the product of an increased awareness of conditions which were completely unnoticed, if not downright dismissed, in the past; and this had catastrophic consequences for the people concerned. How many kids failed their education (let alone struggled in their later life) due to conditions preventing them to fit into ‘schools’ mould’? How many people had their lives completely sabotaged due to mental illnesses/ disorder/ conditions they were not aware they had? How many people even died as a result? Big Pharma, then, might not be such a baddy, and pharmaceutical companies therefore serve, also, a positive purpose. In fact, I should know from my own personal experience: after much of a tumultuous life which included self-sabotage and pain (including for the people having to endure me), I ended been diagnosed as on the bipolar spectrum in my early thirties. What would have happened had I been diagnosed earlier?
The point of this book, then, surely needs to be nuanced.
Having said that, it doesn’t mean that the author doesn’t make strong points; points that we should all take onboard. In fact, as a medically trained expert who has ‘worked for 20 years on the periodically updated editions of the DSM (including DSM-III, DSM-IIIR, and DSM-IV)’ he clearly knows what he is talking about when it comes to the dangers coming with diagnostic inflation! And, here too, his stance echoes my personal experience. Sorry for telling my life but having experienced it first-hand I cannot but applaud his stance. There we go…
As bipolar, I take pills and I am grateful. Medication changed my life in way I cannot even begin to describe, and so I, for one, again certainly don’t subscribe to the paranoid idea that Big Pharma is evil or part of a conspiration. BUT, as bipolar, I also refuse to take my med as it was prescribed to me -I don’t take the dosage I am supposed to, preferring to, also, rely on other forms of treatment. I exercise, I sleep more, I paid attention to my diet, I keep my booze intake under strict control… In other words, I monitor my lifestyle to avoid my triggers. And here’s the catch: as the author reminds us, we tend to rely on medication as the miracle silver bullet, the one-size-fit-all to treat ‘what’s in the brain only’, not only at the expense of other meaningful and efficient treatments, but, also, at the expense of responsibilities. Oh boy! How this last point resonates!
Who hasn’t heard indeed the nag ‘it’s not me, it’s my condition’? As a bipolar person (but I am sure you will relate if you are anywhere on the neuro-diverse spectrum, or have to deal with someone who is) it always annoys the heck out of me! It’s self-pity, disempowering, insulting to those actually doing something to tackle their issues (and taking full responsibility when the shit hits the fan) and, most of all, it’s dismissive of those suffering the shitty behaviours in question. It’s personal, but I firmly believe that if a condition doesn’t define you, the way you deal with it surely does. In fact, I have seen so much of my fair share of mentally ill people blaming their shitty behaviours on their illnesses that it’s one of the reasons why I don’t bother with support groups anymore (too many whinges refusing personal responsibility for their own actions yet expecting sympathy because they are ill and blah blah blah…). But, as Allen Frances brilliantly puts forth, here’s a dangerous trend which flies in the face of personal responsibility, individualism, and, in the end, choices in addressing issues impacting from our social circles to society. He mentions extreme cases of rapists and sexual predators being explained away as being ‘hyper-sexual’. He denounces our labelling of obesity as nothing but a form of ‘BED’ (a cop out which does nothing to actually address obesity as a social problem). He, above all, brings the point home by nailing a powerful concern we ought to let sink in:
���A vibrant society depends on having responsible citizens who feel in control of themselves and own up to the consequences of their actions -not an army of ‘behavioural addicts’ who need therapy in order to learn to do the right thing.’
Indeed.
Here’s a powerful argument, then, against a dangerous phenomenon: the diagnosis inflation fed by an ever-changing and questionable DSM, itself resulting in an over-medication of us all to supposedly address dubious ailments. This is not to say that such over-medication is solely due to Big Pharma, let alone that Big Pharma is more interested in making massive profits than helping people! Pharmaceutical companies surely have abused of their power, but that’s mostly in the USA (where the author is from) and where they are given such unchecked power in the first place, and on a golden platter at that. Being a European reader, I was flabbergasted but these are not issue I have to face where I live. This is not to say, either, that there are no such a thing as mental illnesses or disorders impacting people’s mental health to such a point that only help, even clinical help through medication, is necessary. This is to warn us about the collateral damages of thrusting medication as the only way to treat people, even people who might not need it (the so-called ‘worry-well’). As such, ‘Saving Normal’ is a punchy read, maybe too harsh at times, but, always, a more than needed stance thrown into a needed argument. We need this debate!