“The essence of what I am saying here cannot be understood by mind.”
After this prophetic declaration by Mr. Tolle, need I say anything else about this bestselling work?
I’ve hardly read anything on new-age spirituality. And that’s perfectly acceptable if one finds solace in the power of new-age spirituality, or at least the Eckhart Tolle version of it. Practicing the Power of Now can do wonders if one is ready to disregard one’s cognitive faculties and just plainly believe in taking what Tolle is offering. I’m unfortunate enough to analyse this work through the scope of reason, and remain empty handed in the end. My bad.
The central theme of this motivational/self-help book is to convey the following simple set of advice: (a) one should learn to live in the present; past failures and worrying about future only bring misery (b) when negative thoughts start burdening you, erase them from your mind; and, (c) don’t be judgemental about nature, things and people and accept them as they are.
Very enlightening advice indeed. But the trouble is that there must be hundreds of motivational books out there selling the similar merchandise. How one can be different? Tolle is a spiritualist, so he decides to employ Sufi Metaphysics and starts off with the concept of Wahdat al-Wujud (Arabic for Unity of Being, also referred to as Pantheism).
There is nothing wrong in taking a position or favouring a philosophy. But the problem with the abstract concepts is that, well, they are abstract. And when you are claiming to establish your practical advice on abstract concepts, you can’t just perform a leap from abstract to concrete. Such approach might be okay if you are writing an autobiography and extracting practical lessons from it; you might escape the burden of proof. Not here, when the book is attempting to build practical lessons out of abstract philosophy.
Unfortunately, Tolle disregards this simple rule. From Wahdat-al-Wujud, he leaps to the separation of consciousness and thoughts (another abstract); and from there he jumps to his motivational advices. These leaps and jumps lack any well-defined rational build up. In fact, it strongly looks as if Tolle assumes that either the reader is familiar with these philosophies, or he has faith in whatever premise Tolle is building at the outset. As a result, Tolle gives birth to a hodgepodge pseudo philosophy the inconsistencies of which become evident as one progresses through the book.
At the outset, Tolle asserts that there is an ever-present Being beyond countless beings, and that all these beings share the Being. This is the most simplistic definition of Wahdat-al-Wujud, a concept that dates back to the thirteenth-century Andalusian philosopher Ibn-Arabi. Now, instead of providing some explanation of this abstruse concept, Tolle simply proclaims that “Being can be felt, but it can never be understood mentally.” Wow! Now, either you understand what Tolle is saying, or you just believe him. Tolle further asserts that our mind, with its constant thinking, identifies other things or beings as separate entities from us; this is your mind (thought) fooling you. Any philosophical argument to back this up? None. Just believe him.
Let’s move on. Now that it is “firmly established” that your being is in fact part of one greater Being and your mind stops you from realizing this, Tolle’s next task is separating your consciousness from your mind because it is the consciousness that leads you to the truth.
Is it really possible to separate mind and consciousness? Can we really be beyond our mind? This is the realm of cognitive neuroscience, psychology and philosophy of mind (modern Existentialism deals predominantly with the second question). Tolle disregards it all and just employs spiritual to-dos to force yourself to believe that consciousness exists beyond mind. (Just a footnote: mind is generally considered to be an umbrella term encompassing all cognitive faculties including thinking, consciousness, perception, imagination, memory etc.; but Tolle ambiguously uses mind and thought in the same sense.)
Anyway, from the sheer power of belief, you have “realized” that your consciousness exists beyond mind. Now, how to get out of the bad influence of mind? Tolle offers an over-simplistic suggestions: do not let your mind (thought) control you; free yourself from your thought because “there is a vast realm of intelligence beyond thought, that thought is only a tiny aspect of that intelligence. You also realize that all the things that truly matter – beauty, love, creativity, joy, inner peace – arise from beyond mind.” No point in arguing with Tolle that beauty, love, joy are not innate or a-priori concepts. They are a-posteriori; meaning they are influenced by our cognitive interpretations of the things around us subject to our culture, society and epoch.
Tolls goes on to make interesting suggestions such as: “The single most vital step on your journey toward enlightenment is this: Learn to dis-identify from your mind. Every time you create a gap in the stream of mind, the light of your consciousness grows stronger.” One interesting thing to note here. When you are learning to dis-identify from your mind and realizing that your consciousness is above your mind, what faculty are you using to do all this? What tool are you using to identify the “deeper self” that Tolle is so insistent of finding? Is that tool would be different from mind itself? This is like saying that I’m using my mind to tell myself that I am not under the influence of my mind. If I can borrow Aristotelian law of non-contradiction (two contradictory propositions cannot be simultaneously true), Tolle’s entire mind-consciousness argument sounds self-defeating. But Tolle is surely oblivious of these contradictions. He continues to argue that the real thinking occurs beyond our minds and that “only in that way is it possible to think creatively, because only in that way does thought have any real power.” Translation: You are really thinking when you are not using your mind!
Stomach another one: “All problems are illusions of mind” . This is some statement. While it’s alright to proclaim that all problems are creation of mind, or mind’s interpretations of life situations, calling them illusions sounds like an illusion itself. You losing your job, or your inability to pay your mortgage, or your loved one passing away are not illusions. These are your mind telling you that you have a problem.
Tolle still feels that toying with ontology of being is not enough. So he decides to venture into the ontology of time as well. He says when the thoughts of past events affect you, you should separate yourself from time. Instead, just be in the present, which means seeing things (light, shapes, colors, textures) around you but without interpreting them.
Nature of time is an important subject of ontological philosophy. Philosophers have been debating since ages whether time is real (i.e. past, present and future all exist), or it is only the present we live in. Tolle favours the latter philosophy (Presentism, probably William James version).
Tolle argues that time is an illusion – i.e. there are no past or future; there is only a continuous stream of present. He further suggests that living the past or worrying about future only bring misery. So far, this idea does make sense. But, lo and behold, Mr. Tolle takes a U-turn and suggests that one should only refer to the past when it is absolutely relevant to the present. Now, acknowledging that there might be some events in the past which are relevant to the present contradicts Tolle’s own argument of time’s illusion. Moreover, is there any tool to gauge the relevance of past and the extent of it? No explanation.
Proclamations, contradictions and pseudo-philosophy. This is all first quarter of Practicing the Power of Now offered to me. I cannot argue with you if you find comfort in this version of spirituality; or if you believe in the transcendence of spirituality over reason. If you’re happy with it, I’m happy for you. But do not search for supporting arguments, because arguments can stem from nowhere but reason itself.