The Pictorial Ptolemy and Copernicus

by John Cramer

Teaching and learning about the Ptolemaic and Copernican systems is a challenge. The defining texts are all but unreadable even in translation. Here is a systematic exposition (pun intended) of the two great systems with 36 diagrams to aid you. Most of these diagrams, original work of the author, are unavailable outside of this source. Many of them are to-scale, greatly enhancing the perception of the tremendously impressive intellectual achievements of these two great scientists. And there are no equations! The diagrams do all the work. Well, most of it. The accompanying text lays out the background and the phenomena in need of explanation and then provides commentary and clarification of system details as they appear in the diagrams.

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Published February 10, 2019