Eureka Mill by Ron Rash is a short, profound book. I found many truths on its pages, and I learned much of Rash's family history and roots while I read it. I also found several points I found myself disagreeing with, or at least with which I took issue, and it is hard for me to say why, but I will try.
Eureka Mill is a collection of poems about how a small flood of poor mountain farmers, many from western North Carolina or the Piedmont, who ended up trading their mountain homes and dreams for a steady paycheck and hope for a more stable, better life. Rash's family, and half of mine, for that matter, took that chance of leaving their farms or land holding for mill life. I believe that Rash finds much evil or at least misfortune in those decisions, and certainly he sees the mill owners who profit from this labor as exploitive and harsh.
Perhaps they were, in many ways. My own people didn't come down and work at Eureka; they came down and worked at Clifton Mills (not that far from where I now live) and Buffalo Mills after the Pacolet River flood of 1903. One was my Great-Granny Conner, who came down from Ela in Swain County, NC with at least some of her family. She was still a child in 1903, and left the destroyed mill at Clifton to go on to Buffalo. Somehow, her family returned to the mountains. I never found out how. She spent the last of her days just over the mountain from the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, in a little three room cabin with one of her sons and all the company she could handle. In the end, she couldn't remember my name, but she could remember the words to a song about working in Buffalo as a young lady.
Rash mentions the unfortunate turns of fate that led some of his kin to leave their farms: rising taxes, fencing in land making grazing and hunting more difficult, turning to tobacco as a savior crop the same time as everyone else. Finally, he speaks of taking out loans, and being unable to pay them back. It seems there were plenty of bad guys to go around.
I really love Rash's writing, and one of the reasons why is because he knows people just like mine, and understands them. He has a deep appreciation for the lives and the small and great decisions that create those lives. Eureka Mill is a great piece of writing, and I'm not really criticizing his point of view. I'm saying that it is just one way of looking at those men and women who took that chance to come out of the mountains, and just one way of looking at those owners and managers who also took a chance during a mammoth upheaval of Southern life, economy and society.
Just a note: I read this book at a Vigil fire I kept on Halloween Night, 2020. I stayed up all night with Ron Rash's ghosts, and with more than a few of mine. I forgot to mention that the other half of my family stayed in the mountains, farming, working as a farrier, moonshining, and logging. It was a hard life for them, I have no doubt. But the land they retained, and the storied lives they led, are rich indeed. They too were brave who stayed put even when times looked desperate.