Judith: Tragedia En Cinco Actos

by Friedrich Hebbel, Jacinto Grau

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Genres: Classics, Plays, German Literature, Drama

264 pages, Paperback

First published January 7, 1840

About the author

The Gelehrtenschule des Johanneums educated German poet and dramatist Christian Friedrich Hebbel, the son of a bricklayer. He sent verses to Amalie Schoppe (1791–1858), a popular journalist and author of nursery tales; his manifest talent for poetry despite his humble origins resulted in the publication of these verses in the Hamburg Modezeitung. Through her patronage, he ably went to the University of Hamburg.

A year later, Hebbel went to Heidelberg to study law but then went to the University of Munich, where he devoted to philosophy, history, and literature. In 1839, he left Munich and walked all the way back to Hamburg, where he resumed his friendship with Elise Lensing, whose self-sacrificing assistance had helped him over the darkest days in Munich. In the same year, he wrote his first tragedy, Judith (1840, published 1841), which in the following year was performed in Hamburg and Berlin and made his name known throughout Germany.

He in 1840 wrote the tragedy Genoveva . Hebel at Munich began Der Diamant , a comedy, which he finished in 1841. In 1842, he visited Copenhagen, obtained a small travelling studentship from Christian VIII, king, and thus ably spent some time in Paris and two years (1844–1846) in Italy. In Paris, he wrote his fine "tragedy of common life," Maria Magdalena (1844). On return from Italy, Hebbel at Vienna met two Polish noblemen, the brothers Zerboni di Sposetti, who in their enthusiasm for his genius urged him and supplied him with the means to mingle in the best intellectual society of the Austrian capital.

Old precarious existence of Hebbel then horrified him, who in 1846 married the beautiful and wealthy actress Christine Enghaus, giving up the faithful Elise Lensing (faithful until her death), on the grounds that "a man's first duty is to the most powerful force within him, that which alone can give him happiness and be of service to the world": in his case the poetical faculty, which would have perished "in the miserable struggle for existence". This "deadly sin," which, "if peace of conscience be the test of action," was, he considered, the best act of his life, established his fortunes. Elise, however, still provided useful inspiration for his art. As late as 1851, shortly after her death, he wrote the little epic Mutter und Kind, intended to show that the relation of parent and child is the essential factor which makes the quality of happiness among all classes and under all conditions equal.

Long before this Hebbel had become famous, German sovereigns bestowed decorations upon him; in foreign capitals he was feted as the greatest of living German dramatists. From the grand-duke of Saxe-Weimar he received a flattering invitation to take up his residence at Weimar, where several of his plays were first performed. He remained, however, at Vienna until his death.
Besides the works already mentioned, Hebbel's principal tragedies are:
Herodes and Mariamne (1850)
Julia (1851)
Michel Angelo (1851)
Agnès Bernauer (1855)
Gyges and His Ring (1856)
Die Nibelungen (1862), his last work (a trilogy consisting of a prologue, Der gehörnte Siegfried, and the tragedies, Siegfrieds Tod and Kriemhilds Rache), which won for the author the Schiller prize.

Of his comedies Der Diamant (1847), Der Rubin (1850) and the tragi-comedy Ein Trauerspiel in Sizilien (1845), are the more important, but they are heavy and hardly rise above mediocrity. All his dramatic productions, however, exhibit skill in characterization, great glow of passion, and a true feeling for dramatic situation; but their poetic effect is frequently marred by extravagances which border on the grotesque, and by the introduction of incidents the unpleasant character of which is not sufficiently relieved. In many of his lyric poem

Reviews

[Irina · Rating 4 out of 5]

I highly enjoyed reading and discussing this in uni. It was fascinating to see how the perception of the original biblical Judith story changed throughout time and how she is portrayed nowadays. Hebbel's Judith introduces us to two intriguing characters: Holofernes and Judith herself. The dialogues between those two are filled with all the good stuff which makes you want to go back and read it all over again.

In this version of Judith we see a virtuous God-loving woman become selfish and passionate - she's stuck in a conflict between being someone others make her out to be and being an individual with flaws. Judith turns into sort of a feminist icon and stands in contrast with conventional classical plays: she's not an unfortunate (male) hero who has to fight against evil with the Gods on their side, she's a woman who takes matters into her own hand and this way becomes her own hero.

I'll stop fangirling here: check out this play, it's worth your time! (also check out Klimt's Judith I painting - it's breathtaking!)

[Metin Yılmaz · Rating 5 out of 5]

Yazarın dilimize kazandırılan ilk eseri ve çevirmeninin de ilk çevirisi. İlklerin güzel olduğu güzel bir tiyatro oyunu. Holofernes’in yaşattıklarını, bunun sonunda karşılığını bulmasını, Judith’in yaptıklarını bu şekilde okumak güzeldi.

[Andrea · Rating 5 out of 5]

Eine perfekte kleine Tragödie, bei der Sanftmut und Hochmut in Eins fallen. Gerne wäre ich wie Judith und Holofernes zusammen.

[Özer Öz · Rating 5 out of 5]

Friedrich Hebbel, Judith (1840) trajedisinde '19 yy kadınlığının sınırlarını aşan bir kadın kahramanı sunuyor' İncil'in apokrif bir kitabı olan "Book of Judith" (Yudit Kitabı) hikayesine getirdiği pskolojik çözümleme onu Caravaggio'nun tablosu kadar eşsiz kılıyor.

[Emma · Rating 3 out of 5]

Idee war gut aber ist halt nen buch aus 1901 also very random

[xmekalux · Rating 4 out of 5]

Das Buch hat mir ziemlich gut gefallen. Insbesonder, dass die Protagonistin ziemlich slebstbewusst aufgetreten ist. Im großen und ganzen hat mir die Geschichte auch einfach Game of Thrones Vibes gegeben :D

[Liedzeit Liedzeit · Rating 3 out of 5]

Wie oft habe ich in Museen Judith mit dem Kopf des Holofernes gesehen? Gerade letzte Woche in Krakau.

Helofernes schwört, das letzte Volk, das sich ihm unterwirft (oder das nicht tut) auszulöschen. Das sind die Hebräer (Ebräer bei Hebbel.) Also wird die Stadt Bethulien belagert. Hilft Gott in der Not?
Nun, Judith ist bereit. Judith ist Witwe, aber auch Jungfrau, warum genau, bleibt unklar, entweder weil sie wahnsinnig ist, oder der Gatte es war.

Also begibt sich Judith zu Helofernes. Um sich ihm hinzugeben und umzubringen. Zum Glück ist sie schön, so schön, dass Helofernes schwört, niemanden mehr zu erblinden.

„Komm, Judith, ich will dich kennenlernen! Sträube dich immerhin noch ein wenig, ich will dir selbst sagen, wie lange. Noch einen Becher! Er trinkt. Nun stell das Sträuben ein, es ist genug!“

Und er führt sie mit Gewalt ab. Und Judith im Abgehen: „Ich muß – ich will – pfui über mich in Zeit und Ewigkeit, wenn ich nicht kann!“

Aber sie kann. Und nach kurzem Ringen mit sich selbst schlägt sie dem Mann den Kopf ab. – Und wird natürlich als Heldin gefeiert. Und wird sie dem Tyrannen einen Sohn gebären? Vorsichtshalber lässt sie sich vom Volk das Versprechen abnehmen jederzeit auf Wunsch getötet zu werden.

[Altuğ · Rating 4 out of 5]

Merhaba 🙋🏻‍♂️

Bir yerden kitap alırken çalışanın önerisine nadiren kulak veririm. Freud referansı kullanılınca, o nadir anlardan biri yaşandı.

Eski Ahit - Judith

Hebbel'in Judith tragedyası, kaynağını Eski Ahit'in bir kitabı olan 'Judith Kitabı'ndan alıyor.

Eski Ahit'te dindarlığı ile öne çıkan Judith'in, Hebbel'in tragedyasında dişiliğiyle öne çıkarıldığını görüyoruz.

Yudith Kitabı'na (https://kutsal-kitap.net) adresinden bakabilir; on altı bölümden oluşan metni telefondan hızlıca okuyabilirsiniz.

Freud'un Övgüsü

"… kahramanın haklı bir fikir uğruna savaşırken yenik düşmesi ve fikirlerinin galip gelmesi veya en azından yazarın galibiyet vaat etmesi türünden bir klişenin izine rastlamak güçtür. … kahramanlarının kendilerini en iyi hissettiği anlar tutkuları uğruna harap oldukları anlardır. … Judith çok güzel, cinsel bir vaka. Çok güçlü bir kadın gaddar bir erkeğe meydan okuyor ve kişiliğinin bir parçası olarak aşağılanan dişiliğini kullanarak intikam alıyor. … Judith'i hararetle tavsiye ederim." | Freud

Judith

Kral Nebukadnezar'ın; kendisine en son teslim olacak olan halkı yok edeceğine dair yemin etmiş, zeki, güçlü, acımasız ve muzaffer generali Holofernes, ordusuyla kavimlere bir bir boyun eğdirirken geriye bir tek Yahudi halkı kalmıştır.

Bu son kavmi, yemini doğrultusunda yok etmek için harekete geçen Holofernes, kendisine en yakın Yahudi şehri Bethulia'yı kuşatır.

Kuşatmanın uzun sürmesi şehirde susuzluğa yol açınca teslim olma söylentileri yayılır. Buna karşılık Judith, halkının kaderi için Holofernes'e meydan okuyarak sahneye çıkar.

Judith tragedyasında bu meydan okumayla Judith'in dişiliğini kullanarak halkını Holofernes'in kılıcından kurtarma mücadelesine tanık oluyoruz.

Beyaz Perde ve Resim

Judith ve Holofernes'in son sahnesinin pek çok resmi yapılmış. Bunlar gerçekten etkileyici, bakmanızı tavsiye ederim.

Ayrıca YouTube'da diyalogların olmadığı bir saatlik 1914 yapımı bir film bulunuyor: Judith of Bethulia 1914

Holofernes: … Şunu bilmek isterdim: Ölüm nedir?
Bir Subay: Yaşamı sevmemizi sağlayan şey! | s.54

İyi okumalar.

[dražica · Rating 3 out of 5]

First novel of F.H. and also, as many said before, one of the few which are made with a rather pleasing and fine quality. This piece is, in a comparation with the original biblical story, interpretation of how author sees this motif. Judith is here as a woman, as person with a desire and a ratio, but wavering mind. Truly, it was a pleasant read.

[[ˈdeːde]]

je länger und mehr ich mich damit beschäftige, desto interessanter wird das Stück, weil immer mehr klarer und deutlicher wird als es im ersten Lesevorgang der Fall war.

[Zehranur Erol · Rating 4 out of 5]

Hasan Ali Yücel klasiklerinden okudum. Sabah başladım akşam bitti. Hebbel'i okumak benim için genelde zor ama bu kitabı akıcıydı. Tavsiye ederim

[Anastasiia · Rating 5 out of 5]

"То, что мучает меня сейчас, будет мучить вечно, это не зубная боль и не лихорадка, это я сама, и это никогда не пройдет"