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总结一下作者观点: 1. 王安石不是法家代表,也没有背叛他的儒家传统。他的变法重视的不是法律的颁布或执行,也不是富国强兵,而是通过改善社会风俗和官僚体制从而达到儒家理想的道德社会。道德社会和改善社会风俗一直以来都是他的最重要的目标。 2. 王安石失败的地方在于 a. 没有根据不同社会阶层确定清晰目标,从而导致各个阶层都因为变法利益受损; b. 过于注重政策的实施而忽略政治战略,尽管他想改革官僚体制,却连自己都没能获得官僚阶层的支持; c. 为了实施变法,他依仗皇帝的支持,从而变相加强了君主集权,而这样的集权对变法也充满了挑战; d. 变法还加剧了宫廷政治,党派斗争也变本加厉,为弄权派的势力增长铺平了道路; 3. 王安石是一位伟大的,出色的政治家,他的功利主义治国才能是无法被忽略的。