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When Reagan Sent in the Marines: The Invasion of Lebanon
"In this formidable narrative, the prize-winning and super honest reporter, Patrick Sloyan, adds the depth of a scholar's context to produce a gripping reminder of why we should never forget history. He makes readers feel like they were eye witnesses." —Ralph NaderFrom a Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist who reported on the events as they happened, an action-packed account of Reagan's failures in the 1983 Marines barracks bombing in Beirut. On October 23, 1983, a truck bomb destroyed the U.S. Marines barracks in Beirut. 241 Americans were killed in the worst terrorist attack our nation would suffer until 9/11. We’re still feeling the repercussions today.When Reagan Sent In the Marines tells why the Marines were there, how their mission became confused and compromised, and how President Ronald Reagan used another misguided military venture to distract America from the attack and his many mistakes leading up to it.Pulitzer Prize-winning author Patrick J. Sloyan uses his own contemporaneous reporting, his close relationships with the Marines in Beirut, recently declassified documents, and interviews with key players, including Reagan’s top advisers, to shine a new light on the Israeli invasion of Lebanon and Reagan’s doomed ceasefire in Beirut. Sloyan draws on interviews with key players to explore the actions of Kissinger and Haig, while revealing the courage of Marine Colonel Timothy Geraghty, who foresaw the disaster in Beirut, but whom Reagan would later blame for it.More than thirty-five years later, America continues to wrestle with Lebanon, the Marines with the legacy of the Beirut bombing, and all of us with the threat of Mideast terror that the attack furthered. When Reagan Sent In The Marines is about a historical moment, but one that remains all too present today.
224 pages, Kindle Edition
Published December 3, 2019
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October 12, 2019
It’s a shame that books written in today’s political climate struggle with presenting the facts without infecting them with a heavy dose of partisanship. “When Reagan Sent in the Marines” presents many of the facts while coloring the narrative with statements the author intends to be taken as truth. Thus, we have another book that could have been a thoughtful presentation if the author would have left out his obvious slant.
The book fills in a lot of the backstory leading to the bombing of the Marine barracks with 12,000 pounds of explosives (what the FBI called the largest non-nuclear explosion on record). Without personal research, one could easily accept the conclusions outlined by author Patrick J. Sloyan. It didn’t take me long to pull up the report from the Investigations Subcommittee of the House Armed Services Committee. This was the committee tasked with establishing what happened and why. While the book leads one to believe that too much weight fell on the immediate authority onsite (Col. Timothy Geraghty), the report also accused those higher in his military chain of command.
It was deemed a nearly impossible mission and the security precautions were found to be inadequate. Intercepted communications could have served as warnings but were not passed on to Col. Geraghty (although a previously written intelligence survey warned that trucks should be inspected for explosives). Ultimately, the barracks were not protected from car bombings. Basically, while the blame could be spread around for these and other reasons, everything doesn’t always link straight back to the President.
Mr. Sloyan also took the time to include the Iran-Contra affair. As this is a separate issue, it was another opportunity to smear President Reagan (especially considering that the “I” word – Impeachment – was used). In the author’s words: “But there was no appetite for impeachment. ‘We just decided not to do it,’ said House Majority Leader Thomas Foley.” History shows that fourteen indictments were handed out to Cabinet and Washington officials. Reagan’s participation was unclear. (It is also important to note that Reagan and every President since has been the subject of impeachment).
Readers not familiar with this period in American politics would do well to read this book, no matter where your political loyalties fall. Presenting the evidence and letting the proverbial chips fall where they may, however, would have been more damning than inserting innuendos and accusatory adjectives. Pure facts would have raised questions and allowed readers to make their own decisions, perhaps causing more to fall into Mr. Sloyan’s camp. As written, positive and negative reactions toward this book will probably fall along party lines. Three stars.
My thanks to St. Martin's Press for an advance electronic copy of this book.
The book fills in a lot of the backstory leading to the bombing of the Marine barracks with 12,000 pounds of explosives (what the FBI called the largest non-nuclear explosion on record). Without personal research, one could easily accept the conclusions outlined by author Patrick J. Sloyan. It didn’t take me long to pull up the report from the Investigations Subcommittee of the House Armed Services Committee. This was the committee tasked with establishing what happened and why. While the book leads one to believe that too much weight fell on the immediate authority onsite (Col. Timothy Geraghty), the report also accused those higher in his military chain of command.
It was deemed a nearly impossible mission and the security precautions were found to be inadequate. Intercepted communications could have served as warnings but were not passed on to Col. Geraghty (although a previously written intelligence survey warned that trucks should be inspected for explosives). Ultimately, the barracks were not protected from car bombings. Basically, while the blame could be spread around for these and other reasons, everything doesn’t always link straight back to the President.
Mr. Sloyan also took the time to include the Iran-Contra affair. As this is a separate issue, it was another opportunity to smear President Reagan (especially considering that the “I” word – Impeachment – was used). In the author’s words: “But there was no appetite for impeachment. ‘We just decided not to do it,’ said House Majority Leader Thomas Foley.” History shows that fourteen indictments were handed out to Cabinet and Washington officials. Reagan’s participation was unclear. (It is also important to note that Reagan and every President since has been the subject of impeachment).
Readers not familiar with this period in American politics would do well to read this book, no matter where your political loyalties fall. Presenting the evidence and letting the proverbial chips fall where they may, however, would have been more damning than inserting innuendos and accusatory adjectives. Pure facts would have raised questions and allowed readers to make their own decisions, perhaps causing more to fall into Mr. Sloyan’s camp. As written, positive and negative reactions toward this book will probably fall along party lines. Three stars.
My thanks to St. Martin's Press for an advance electronic copy of this book.
June 18, 2019
Minor Spoilers
Extensive research regarding the Lebanese War, particularly US involvement in 1983. But don’t let the title fool you-the author brushes the reader up on a brief history of the country as well as its surrounding neighbors prior to the siege. He splurges in more recent historical facts describing various military operations, accords, and political assassinations. There was never a dull moment.
The account actually begins during Nixon’s pre-scandalous Watergate years, with Secretary Of State Kissinger addressing numerous Middle Eastern catastrophes that eventually spilled into Reagan’s corrupt administration. In the end, one might assume that Sloyan discredits Reagan and his handling of the affair, remaining just as critical toward Syria, Israel, and Iran. He has every right to be; he was reporting in Beirut in 1983 and witnessed firsthand various bombardments and murderous rampages, all while political corruption persisted back in Washington. I think even Reagan supporters will agree his report.
Special thanks to NetGalley for the free e-book.
Extensive research regarding the Lebanese War, particularly US involvement in 1983. But don’t let the title fool you-the author brushes the reader up on a brief history of the country as well as its surrounding neighbors prior to the siege. He splurges in more recent historical facts describing various military operations, accords, and political assassinations. There was never a dull moment.
The account actually begins during Nixon’s pre-scandalous Watergate years, with Secretary Of State Kissinger addressing numerous Middle Eastern catastrophes that eventually spilled into Reagan’s corrupt administration. In the end, one might assume that Sloyan discredits Reagan and his handling of the affair, remaining just as critical toward Syria, Israel, and Iran. He has every right to be; he was reporting in Beirut in 1983 and witnessed firsthand various bombardments and murderous rampages, all while political corruption persisted back in Washington. I think even Reagan supporters will agree his report.
Special thanks to NetGalley for the free e-book.
March 31, 2025
Within the first few chapters, I physically felt this book significantly alter my worldview. Growing up in the years after 9/11, I was always just vaguely aware U.S. military action in the Middle East constantly, but never about any of the significant events that launched or perpetuated our involvement in their conflicts. I’m not sure if it’s more reassuring or dooming that we’ve had highly incompetent governments mediating international affairs for ages— does it mean we’ll survive this one, or that we’re finally hammering the last nails in the coffin of the U.S. as a world superpower?
Four stars just because the political slant of this book — despite being slanted towards my leanings — was so obvious and a little hard to ignore, and because I wish that there were more features from non-American/British contributors.
Four stars just because the political slant of this book — despite being slanted towards my leanings — was so obvious and a little hard to ignore, and because I wish that there were more features from non-American/British contributors.
October 8, 2020
If we are there to fight, we are far too few. If we are there to die, we are far too many.
Congressman Sam Gibbons, D-Day veteran
I was a young Marine when the barracks in Lebanon was destroyed, and two hundred twenty Marines (241 American service personnel) died in a terrorist attack. I remember the outrage. I was still serving when Reagan went on national television and said that, yes, there was a plan to trade arms for hostages, after denying it. I remember the outrage as a fellow Marine got up and left the room, shaking his head. "Our president lied to us." is all he said. Older now I know politicians lie, but then we felt that we were fighting the good fight and had a President who was one of us and held the values we held as Marines.
Sloyan digs deeper into the Middle East that was handed to Reagan and what he and his advisors did to complicated the problem. Haig, a Nixon holdover, has come to light as a power-hungry individual with his own agenda, served under Nixon, Ford, And Reagan. Nixon, who was betrayed by Haig, pushed Reagan to appoint him as Secretary of State. Reagan listened and later regretted. Later Schultz as Secretary of State and Wineberger as Defense Secretary could not agree on a Lebanon policy. Reagan, on the other hand, had visions of US airstrikes knocking out the Soviet-backed Palestinians and Syrians. For Reagan, it was always about the communists. The US also backed a puppet as Lebanese president who was an Israeli patsy. It seems no one had a clear idea of what was going on.
In the confusion, Reagan decided to send in the Marines as peacekeepers. The Marines fulfilled this role in 1958, entering the country as a far superior force. This time a small group numbering 1,200 entered the country and tried to separate the belligerents with little more than their reputation of being Marines. Weapons were not loaded, and the rules of engagement prevented any meaningful deterrent. The Marines were headquartered at the Beruit airport -- flat terrain and an easy target from the surrounding hills. Marines also protected the barracks. In fact, the truck drove through the barbwire between two Lance Corporals on duty with empty magazines (as ordered). Properly armed, the Marines could have stopped the attack. The Marines effectively had their hands tied, and blame was unfairly laid at the feet of the commanding officer, Lieutenant Colonel Larry Gerlach.
When Reagan Sent In The Marines is a history of the US in the Middle East and the story of how misguided and ineffective our policy in the region was in the 1980s. Sloyan examines the hows and whys of the US in Lebanon and shows what went wrong and how Reagan managed to turn disaster into political gain. The barracks bombing was the single greatest loss of Marines since Iwo Jima, and it is essential that all the details of the event are made public.
November 9, 2019
Written by Pulitzer Prize winning journalist and author Patrick J. Sloyan, When Reagan Sent In The Marines is an in-depth view of the war in Lebanon in the early 80’s, of why the US was involved, and what the repercussions of this decision were on the US, and the rest of the world. Repercussions that are still felt to this day. Sloyan, who passed away at 82 earlier this year, covered the conflict at the time, and had first person contact with many of the people involved (including the marines who were sent into Lebanon and killed there). Sloyan, never one to conceal the truth, even if it put the US in an unfavorable light, provides us with important details on why the US should never have been in Lebanon in the first place, but also gives us a wide background on the tensions in the Middle East at the time, and how they can be translated into what we see today.
There is a lot of detail in this book, and sometimes it may feel like Sloyan is giving us too much backstory, but it is all relevant. Every little detail is relevant in understanding how misguided and wrong so the actions and policies were at the time (and how no one seems to have learnt a lesson from what happened seeing as the same scenarios just keep happening over and over again in different countries).
Thanks to Netgalley and the publisher for the advance copy in exchange for an honest review.
There is a lot of detail in this book, and sometimes it may feel like Sloyan is giving us too much backstory, but it is all relevant. Every little detail is relevant in understanding how misguided and wrong so the actions and policies were at the time (and how no one seems to have learnt a lesson from what happened seeing as the same scenarios just keep happening over and over again in different countries).
Thanks to Netgalley and the publisher for the advance copy in exchange for an honest review.
January 16, 2020
While it is a good historical narrative of the event leading to the events of October 23, 1983, the title of this book is misleading. It was not an "invasion", as the author calls it; the Multi-National Force that went to Lebanon in 1982 was invited there by the Lebanese government at the time. That said, the author provides a great deal of information about events which lead to this happening, including a narrative of the events surrounding the taking of the American Embassy in Tehran in 1979 and the holding of hostages.
I listened to this as an audiobook. The narrator, actor Richard Poe, did a good job telling this story. He has exceptional voice talent, and this was evident in his ability to imitate some of the people prominent in this book.
The only other issue I had was the lack of content about the Marines who were in Lebanon at the time. There was some, but not nearly enough in my view, to contrast what was going on at higher levels. I took this a bit personally; I was serving in the Marine Corps at the time when this happened, and I knew a number of Marines who were there, including some who were killed. I believe this should have been handled better.
Overall it was a good read. In spite of my criticisms I learned a great deal that I didn't know, especially about the politics behind Reagan's actions. That made this worth reading, or in my case, listening to.
I listened to this as an audiobook. The narrator, actor Richard Poe, did a good job telling this story. He has exceptional voice talent, and this was evident in his ability to imitate some of the people prominent in this book.
The only other issue I had was the lack of content about the Marines who were in Lebanon at the time. There was some, but not nearly enough in my view, to contrast what was going on at higher levels. I took this a bit personally; I was serving in the Marine Corps at the time when this happened, and I knew a number of Marines who were there, including some who were killed. I believe this should have been handled better.
Overall it was a good read. In spite of my criticisms I learned a great deal that I didn't know, especially about the politics behind Reagan's actions. That made this worth reading, or in my case, listening to.
November 7, 2019
If you don’t know much about the involvement of the Marine Corps in Lebanon in the ’80s, you’re not alone and that’s no accident. As Sloyan points out, just weeks after the largest non-nuclear explosion in history killed 241 Marines in Beirut, Reagan addressed a multigenerational crowd of military honorees that happened to include the recently returned commander of the targeted force. In his speech, Reagan didn’t even mention Beirut — but he was sure to celebrate the glorious liberation of Grenada.
Sloyan’s new book chronicles the widely forgotten history of how U.S. forces were so disastrously deployed. A veteran reporter who was on the scene in the Middle East during the events he describes, Sloyan didn’t come to pull punches. In the book’s very first paragraph, he writes, “Surrounded by conflict, ignorance, and incompetence in Washington, Reagan guided U.S. foreign policy to a low point few presidents can match.”
I reviewed When Reagan Sent in the Marines for The Tangential.
Sloyan’s new book chronicles the widely forgotten history of how U.S. forces were so disastrously deployed. A veteran reporter who was on the scene in the Middle East during the events he describes, Sloyan didn’t come to pull punches. In the book’s very first paragraph, he writes, “Surrounded by conflict, ignorance, and incompetence in Washington, Reagan guided U.S. foreign policy to a low point few presidents can match.”
I reviewed When Reagan Sent in the Marines for The Tangential.
March 16, 2020
first reviewed here:https://belovedgraceful-carissasbooks...
Title: When Reagan Sent in the Marines: The Invasion of Lebanon
Author: Patrick J Sloyan
Chapters: 14 plus prologue and epilogue
Pages: 240
Genre: nonfiction
Rating: 4 stars
Publisher: Thomas Dunne Books
I'm not going to lie When Reagan Sent in the Marines: The Invasion of Lebanon by Patrick J Sloyan was a hard read at least for me. Not because of the writing level or the amount of information, but because of the subject material. Unlike most people, my age who weren't alive when the events in this book happened I grew up hearing about the attack and the events leading up to it and the Marines effected have pretty much affected my life and the lives of members of my family. The Date of October 23, 1983, is forever burned into my memory as the day my dad lost Marine brothers and my home state lost five Marines two from my hometown and one from my mom's hometown and a distant relative.
Patrick J Sloyan disused both sides as well as gave an overview of what was happening in the Middle East at the time as well as the rest of the world. As a journalist turned writer it clear that he tried to remain unbiased as much as he could but there were some parts where you could tell it was hard for him to keep it out of the writing. What sets this book apart from previous books about the topic is that by the time it was published 36 years had passed since the bombing. As well as getting an overview and history of what was happening at the time. As well as more information on Reagan's role in Lebanon and why he sent the Marines there. However, there are things we will never know.
Also reading you learn that the main reason that the Invasion of Grenada happened was Reagan was trying to find a way to save face from the issues in Lebanon and so the Marines headed to Lebanon to back up the drowning Marines in Beirut were rerouted to be part of the Invasion force for Grenada. What a reader should take away from this book if they take nothing else from it is that the bombing that killed 241 Americans 220 of them Marines was the first and worst terrorist attack our Nation would have until 9/11, and that this attack and the response to it is still felt today and paved the way for other terrorist attacks. And for me personally after reading this book I better understand my dad and what he went through as a 20-year-old Marine.
Title: When Reagan Sent in the Marines: The Invasion of Lebanon
Author: Patrick J Sloyan
Chapters: 14 plus prologue and epilogue
Pages: 240
Genre: nonfiction
Rating: 4 stars
Publisher: Thomas Dunne Books
I'm not going to lie When Reagan Sent in the Marines: The Invasion of Lebanon by Patrick J Sloyan was a hard read at least for me. Not because of the writing level or the amount of information, but because of the subject material. Unlike most people, my age who weren't alive when the events in this book happened I grew up hearing about the attack and the events leading up to it and the Marines effected have pretty much affected my life and the lives of members of my family. The Date of October 23, 1983, is forever burned into my memory as the day my dad lost Marine brothers and my home state lost five Marines two from my hometown and one from my mom's hometown and a distant relative.
Patrick J Sloyan disused both sides as well as gave an overview of what was happening in the Middle East at the time as well as the rest of the world. As a journalist turned writer it clear that he tried to remain unbiased as much as he could but there were some parts where you could tell it was hard for him to keep it out of the writing. What sets this book apart from previous books about the topic is that by the time it was published 36 years had passed since the bombing. As well as getting an overview and history of what was happening at the time. As well as more information on Reagan's role in Lebanon and why he sent the Marines there. However, there are things we will never know.
Also reading you learn that the main reason that the Invasion of Grenada happened was Reagan was trying to find a way to save face from the issues in Lebanon and so the Marines headed to Lebanon to back up the drowning Marines in Beirut were rerouted to be part of the Invasion force for Grenada. What a reader should take away from this book if they take nothing else from it is that the bombing that killed 241 Americans 220 of them Marines was the first and worst terrorist attack our Nation would have until 9/11, and that this attack and the response to it is still felt today and paved the way for other terrorist attacks. And for me personally after reading this book I better understand my dad and what he went through as a 20-year-old Marine.
May 9, 2020
An easy to read and understand book of what happened to the Marines in Lebanon in 1983. It is not a simple situation but Mr. Sloyan explains it clearly and well. Mr. Sloyan goes back to the Nixon administration and sets the story of what had been happening and what did happen leading to the attack on the Marine base.
After reading this and other books of history, I believe we should require all those serving in government, especially in Washington, D.C., to understand world politics and know the consequences of their actions upon that other country and on the U. S. I was appalled at how little interest and knowledge Reagan and his national security people had about foreign affairs in the Middle East. If it pertained to the Soviets, it was on the radar. If not, well, who cares.
Too often, the guy on the ground is ignored and blamed when the fault should be put on the leader who ignored expert/onsite advice and made the decision in Washington, D.C. based on his feelings.
I still see these things happening today. We do not learn.
After reading this and other books of history, I believe we should require all those serving in government, especially in Washington, D.C., to understand world politics and know the consequences of their actions upon that other country and on the U. S. I was appalled at how little interest and knowledge Reagan and his national security people had about foreign affairs in the Middle East. If it pertained to the Soviets, it was on the radar. If not, well, who cares.
Too often, the guy on the ground is ignored and blamed when the fault should be put on the leader who ignored expert/onsite advice and made the decision in Washington, D.C. based on his feelings.
I still see these things happening today. We do not learn.
October 15, 2019
I received an advanced copy from St. Martin's press
The author did a very good job giving background information explaining why the United States was involved, why president Regan had to make those decisions and who the men were that put him in that place.
I felt that there was a lot of personal anger that the author brought out in the book but the information was great and presented in a great way. Giving you the players from start to finish.
It is sad and eye opening to see how decisions made by a few people can change the course of history and the course of politics in a region for years afterwards. It was very eye opening to see that Regan didn't have a big desire to deal with foreign policy that didn't have to do with the Soviet Union and in turn he trusted people who shouldn't be trusted.
I would recommend this book to anyone who like to read historical books a smooth flowing book with great information in it.
The author did a very good job giving background information explaining why the United States was involved, why president Regan had to make those decisions and who the men were that put him in that place.
I felt that there was a lot of personal anger that the author brought out in the book but the information was great and presented in a great way. Giving you the players from start to finish.
It is sad and eye opening to see how decisions made by a few people can change the course of history and the course of politics in a region for years afterwards. It was very eye opening to see that Regan didn't have a big desire to deal with foreign policy that didn't have to do with the Soviet Union and in turn he trusted people who shouldn't be trusted.
I would recommend this book to anyone who like to read historical books a smooth flowing book with great information in it.
October 7, 2019
I received an advance reader copy from St. Martin's Press through the History Reader.
I vividly remember the bombing of the Marine barracks in Beirut so I already knew about the subject of the book. Sloyan writes, sometimes first hand, about the overall situation in the Middle East leading up to the tragedy in an easy, well written style. The only drawback is I wish that there were more interviews of survivors and the families of the men who lost their lives that day. I think it would have been a great book if it had a more human face of those Marines. Overall, its still a good book on our intervention in Lebanon.
I vividly remember the bombing of the Marine barracks in Beirut so I already knew about the subject of the book. Sloyan writes, sometimes first hand, about the overall situation in the Middle East leading up to the tragedy in an easy, well written style. The only drawback is I wish that there were more interviews of survivors and the families of the men who lost their lives that day. I think it would have been a great book if it had a more human face of those Marines. Overall, its still a good book on our intervention in Lebanon.
January 31, 2023
Patrick Sloyan, a journalist at the time, recounts what went wrong during Reagan’s screw-up in 1983 with the U.S. Marines in Lebanon. Sloyan does more than recount the tragic day. He creatively gives the reader an understanding of the events leading up to the terrorist attack. I think this topic is important to read about, especially if you want to have an understanding of our current military standing and how our past foreign policy mistakes have lead us into the positions we are stuck in today.
June 16, 2019
After absorbing this report by a renowned investigative journalist the reader will be able to understand:
What led to the event.
What went wrong.
Why it went devastatingly wrong.
How it was handled/mishandled.
The implications for today.
The reader will have the information to make an informed judgment so I feel no need to summarize.
I requested and received a free ebook copy from St Martin's Press via NetGalley.
What led to the event.
What went wrong.
Why it went devastatingly wrong.
How it was handled/mishandled.
The implications for today.
The reader will have the information to make an informed judgment so I feel no need to summarize.
I requested and received a free ebook copy from St Martin's Press via NetGalley.
June 16, 2023
I have stuffed the Middle East for over 35 years and found this book to be well researched and the history I am well versed in to be accurate. The author starts with a summary of the historical events that were the precursors that lead to the situation in Lebanon that caused the violence against the USA.
It is well researched and crafted and an intriguing read. I found it a notable contribution to my library of books on Middle Eastern history.
It is well researched and crafted and an intriguing read. I found it a notable contribution to my library of books on Middle Eastern history.
August 2, 2020
Not The Full Story.
Decent history lesson on the convoluted political history in the Levant in the late 20th century but Sloyan’s story is totally incomplete in telling of our involvement in Beirut. His story ends with the bombing of the Marine barracks in October ‘83. The rest of the book is an anti-Reagan diatribe. I know because I too was there in ‘83-84.
Decent history lesson on the convoluted political history in the Levant in the late 20th century but Sloyan’s story is totally incomplete in telling of our involvement in Beirut. His story ends with the bombing of the Marine barracks in October ‘83. The rest of the book is an anti-Reagan diatribe. I know because I too was there in ‘83-84.
December 22, 2020
This is a concise well written work that details the invasion of Lebanon and does a very good job with the details of the failures of the Reagan administration. It has the tone of reporting and moves along swiftly.
October 19, 2021
3.5. An interesting part of history I didn’t know about; certainly a stain on Reagan and his administration’s legacy. The author was clearly biased which detracted from hid criticisms, but overall a good book.
February 9, 2023
Personally, I would not recommend this book to readers who are not interested in recent American History. There really was no climax to the entire story which made it quite boring to read. There were definitely some interesting facts about the Israeli military and the United States military.
October 15, 2019
At times I felt like I needed a character chart to keep all the people straight. Probably could have gone a bit deeper but still an interesting read.
I received a free ARC from the publisher.
I received a free ARC from the publisher.
November 10, 2020
An excellent piece of journalistic writing on a subject that has received too little independent coverage. Belongs in the library of anyone interested in the ongoing struggles in the Middle East.
April 13, 2021
Disappointed. I had hoped to read a factual account of a historical event. Instead I found a thinly veiled attempt to besmirch the legacy of one of America's greatest presidents.
September 11, 2022
great informative book about a Actor President!
November 1, 2024
كتاب تاريخي مهم
June 9, 2025
A good introduction to the disastrous 1982 Israeli Invasion of Lebanon and the equally disastrous/tragic U.S. involvement that resulted in 241 dead marines and sowed the seeds for further hatred of the U.S. in that part of the world, not to mention the establishment of Hezbollah as a result of the mass murder of innocent Lebanese civilians and Palestinian Refugees.
Displaying 1 - 24 of 24 reviews