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EL BAOBAB LOCO

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A Ken la abandonó su madre con cinco años quedando al cuidado de su anciano y ciego padre. Cuando abrió en el pueblo la escuela francesa Ken se convirtió en la primera mujer de su familia en escolarizarse y allí se sumerge en la cultura francesa convencida de que es la de su propio pueblo. Su vida está marcada por la ausencia de la madre y la búsqueda constante y dolorosa de su identidad. Cuando obtiene una beca para ir al fin al país de los blancos se da cuenta de que su ascendencia gala es una quimera.

Su viaje a Europa se torna un descenso a los infiernos que la lleva a los recovecos más sórdidos de esa sociedad que creía suya y que termina transformándose en una trampa de la que no es fácil escapar.

178 pages, Paperback

First published January 1, 1984

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About the author

Ken Bugul

27 books35 followers
Ken Bugul (born 1947 in Ndoucoumane) is the pen name of a Senegalese Francophone novelist, whose real name is Mariètou Mbaye Biléoma. The name derives from the Wolof language, in which it means "one who is unwanted."

Bugul was raised in a polygamous environment. Her father was an 85-year-old marabout. After completing her elementary education in her native village, she studied at the Malick Sy Secondary School in Thiès. After a year in Dakar, she obtained a scholarship which allowed her to continue study in Belgium. In 1980 she returned to her home, where she became the 28th wife in the harem of the village marabout. After his death, she returned to the big city. From 1986 to 1993, she worked for the NGO IPPF (International Planned Parenthood Foundation) in Nairobi, Kenya; Brazzaville, Congo; and Lomé, Togo. She subsequently married a doctor from Benin and gave birth to a daughter. Today she lives and works as a dealer of arts and crafts in Porto-Novo, Benin.

Bugul's literary reputation has varied from place to place. She was awarded the Grand prix littéraire d'Afrique noire for her novel Riwan ou le Chemin de Sable in 2000, but is better known among American readers for her novel The Abandoned Baobab, which is her only book to date to have been translated into English. This autobiographical work deals with and critiques African colonialism. As of late, her status among American feminists has diminished somewhat, as many have critiqued her for marrying a holy man who already had over 20 wives. This is perhaps undeserved, and is a good example of ideologies clashing, as the criticism is the result of American feminists attempting to hold Bugul up to the standards of American feminism, which is worlds away from her Senegalese experience.

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5 stars
115 (23%)
4 stars
162 (33%)
3 stars
142 (29%)
2 stars
57 (11%)
1 star
8 (1%)
Displaying 1 - 30 of 55 reviews
Profile Image for Zanna.
676 reviews1,089 followers
March 2, 2016
Contrast. Between the village in Senegal and the Belgian city. Between Bugul's means of conveyance and my mode of decoding. It is always hot there. It is always cold there, she says of the village, a line I'd usually have read as a boring paradox but that here leads out from me a humbled understanding that this place is out of the time I know. In the city time and the narrative snagged on it roll onward like the conveyor belt of a machine, like the tread of a tank, while when Bugul's consciousness shifts to the village, she could be anywhere in her history or in the time of generations before. She alights there like a butterfly. But for the anchoring tree the place would vanish entirely into the desert, into an eternity where change flickers over land, hot and cold, day and night, stillness and wind.

Contrast again, between a child playing under the Baobab, experiencing the world as, it seems, a synaesthesia of sound, heat and dance, and a woman in a European city living like Europeans in malaise, searching for lost wholeness, for satisfaction and purpose, in people and drugs and art and days. She is racialised and exotified, she collapses into despair many times, but her lively spirit always blazes up undimmed.

As Ken's story in Belgium ploughs onward in fragments to a crisis, pausing in the remembered village to draw breath whenever it needs to, friends also give rest and breath. Bugul decries the lack of love and kindness between women in Europe, where patriarchy works on a divide and rule basis. She makes friends easily and take pleasure in them, as well as lovers. She names colonialism as a destructive force that has shattered her, but does not elaborate; the reader has to imagine or search elsewhere for a literal description of the actions of this force: Bugul only alludes to them poetically, as when she remembers learning the letter 'i' in the French school she attended in Senegal. The moment is imbued with portentous tension and even horror as the 'i' cannot be un-enunciated

Details of her attention are like ornaments standing out from the background. She wonders why the figure of Jesus on the cross is so sensually modelled, why his exposed thighs are muscled and manly, when Catholicism is so virtuous. And I remembered that Catholics believe they are eating the body of christ (exchanging horror for horror with god) and the firm thighs are perhaps meant to remind of appetites lavishly denied, self-denial as a kind of muddy pool at the base of being where we can wallow in piety and voluptuous hunger. Such thoughts throw exotification, the othering of the other, back at whiteness. Europe and its fetishes, its maladies, its strange delights, becomes other, but not to be denigrated, only put into place among places, dislodged from the centre it has occupied.

The style of writing or the translation put me at a distance. The language seemed formal and intellectual, while the material belonged to an intimate conversation. Ken's roving consciousness and disordered recall of vignettes made me feel that I was walking through a dream landscape, passing the same features over and over, never grasping exactly how to relate to them. I closed the book and felt that I had only just started a journey...


After reading Good Morning Midnight and an essay on it by Gina Maria Tomasulo, in which she argues that Rhys uses 'the underground' as a fluid space of memory that allows her protagonist to undo some effects of trauma and re-forge connections with others, I have to encourage readers to check out the essay since Bugul uses memory in a strikingly similar way.
Profile Image for Aurore.
65 reviews2 followers
November 20, 2023
"Ce matin-là, nous nous faisions nos adieux.
Je partais.
Les autres restaient.
Je partais très loin. Je m'arrachais pour tendre vers le Nord.
Le Nord des rêves, le Nord des illusions, le Nord des allusions,
Le Nord référentiel, le Nord Terre promise."

Un style qui a fait son chemin jusqu'à mon âme : Ken Bugul m'a fait ressentir une palette d'émotions si vaste ! J'étais investie dans la quête de reconnaissance de Ken, dans ses tiraillements : qu'est-ce qu'être une femme, qu'est-ce qu'être noire, qu'est-ce qui fait de moi qui je suis ? La perle dans l'oreille, l'abandon de la mère, mes ancêtres les Gaulois ? Et le baobab, qui n'est en fait pas si fou, et dont la figure vient cadrer ce récit qui n'est en fait qu'idéalisation, rêves, humiliations et déception.

Petite réserve toutefois : bien qu'il s'agisse d'une conception propre au personnage principal à ce moment-là de sa vie, la place prépondérante de l'érotisme chez la femme noire et l'omniprésence du sexe n'ont pas vraiment réussi à m'émouvoir. Bien qu'ils contribuent à la quête d'identité du personnage, j'ai eu de la difficulté à me laisser emporter.
Profile Image for magali she|her.
244 reviews
Read
November 4, 2021
Vieles davon habe ich wahrscheinlich nicht aufgenommen und verstanden, dennoch war es super interessant. Sicherlich eine Lektüre, die man beim 2. Mal lesen deutlich besser versteht, weil man mehr Details aufnimmt. Bin auf die Besprechungen im Unterricht gespannt, um die Lücken zu füllen, die ich beim und nach dem Lesen hatte/habe.
Profile Image for Rachel.
690 reviews60 followers
September 18, 2011
I didn't much enjoy this book. Perhaps once I have a chance to talk about it with my classmates, I can get a better understanding of the novel. I don't have high hopes, though. The overall narrative structure of the novel was very off-putting; the speaker felt quite distanced from her audience. At times it felt like listening to someone talk to herself -- you feel like you're intruding, a little awkward and confused at hearing only one side of a conversation. Additionally, the chronology jumped around without a lot of warning or explanation. By the end of the novel, I was downright frustrated with the speaker. I felt sorry for her, yes; she absolutely experienced awful events in life no one should have to experience. But she hinted at moments, especially towards the end in scenarios with her family, where I saw intimations at opportunities for her to reach out but instead she retreats, psychologically arrested in continually mourning a past she cannot change. Again, maybe my classmates can help me better understand this novel and this character. For me, she did very little in the narrative form to help me really understand and connect to her.

*edit* After discussing this in class, I can at least appreciate what this novel tries to discuss and address. I still don't think it's a book I would recommend to others, but I can at least respect the discussion it evokes.
Profile Image for Ernesto.
399 reviews60 followers
June 10, 2024
Menuda montaña rusa de sensaciones he tenido leyendo este libro, y no todas buenas. De hecho, en varios momentos he estado muy tentado de abandonarlo. No sé si decir que es un buen libro porque su estructura deja bastante que desear. De lo que sí estoy seguro es de que es un testimonio interesantísimo y crucial para entender el cambio de mentalidad desde el colonialismo a la independencia de países africanos, no tanto en lo histórico sino en cómo afectó a la gente, especialmente a las mujeres. A pesar de tener mucho que contar sobre el tema, parece que los argumentos de la autora para defender su punto de vista se resumen en una acumulación de experiencias personales soltadas a cascoporro sin elaboración alguna. Varias veces a lo largo del libro (sobre todo en su segunda mitad) he sentido que ni siquiera a ella misma le interesa lo que está contando sino que está llenando páginas con más y más experiencias que no se relacionan unas con otras. Tres o cuatro de ellas especialmente crudas ya serían suficientemente interesantes para leer el libro (no solo por la historia en sí sino por lo que aportan a la conversación tan necesaria sobre poscolonialismo que aún tenemos pendiente en Europa). Pero lamentablemente otras cuantas de esas experiencias son razón de sobra como para cerrar el libro y ponerse a hacer otra cosa. ¿Lo recomiendo? Pues quizás sí, pero mejor léelo compaginándolo con algún otro libro para que este no se te haga demasiado cuesta arriba.
Profile Image for Ronronia Adramelek.
560 reviews14 followers
February 23, 2025
Me ha parecido un tostón. Entiendo que es necesario que haya autoras que cuenten lo que ella cuenta, pero su estilo me resulta tediosísimo, una mezcla entre costumbrismo lumpen y filosofía de la alienación que provoca el colonialismo.
Profile Image for Max Heimowitz.
233 reviews6 followers
March 30, 2020
Ce baobab que tu vois là, il est mort depuis longtemps... Le rendez-vous manqué lui avait causé une profonde tristesse. Il devint fou et mourut quelque temps après.

Ce livre se lit très facilement, et je trouve cela une des qualités les plus importantes, parce que Ken Bugul a vécu une vie assez difficile. La traduction en anglais doit être terrible, parce que je n'ai de difficulté avec la compréhension de l'histoire de Ken Bugul.

Au Sénégal, Ken Bugul (pseudonyme) habite dans une très petite village, Ndoucoumane. Elle décide de quitter le Sénégal pour aller faire ses études en Belgique, pour atteindre l'apogée de l'Occident--la vie occidentale. Et ce rêve, ce n'était qu'un rêve, parce qu'elle découvre que dans l'Occident, elle échange une forme d'oppression pour une autre. Elle n'y appartient pas du tout.

C'est autobiographique, mais elle poètise pas mal des choses pour montrer les conséquences du colonialisme sur une femme sénégalise. Elle narre les difficultés avec lesquelles elle essaye de trouver un moyen pour l'assmiliation dans une culture qui la rejète constamment, qui ne la veut pas. Il y a une très grande division entre les Blancs et les Noirs, et elle est constamment rappelée de ça. Elle apprend rapidement que une femme ne peut être rien d'autre que la consommation et que Tu plais aux hommes, Ken, tu es une noire, tu peux te faire une fortune. . C'est à la mode d'avoir des "amis" noirs, mais de vraiment connaître et former un lien avec un noir, pas du tout.

Le récit est toujours frappant et quelquefois difficile à lire parce qu'elle a tant souffert. La fin n'est pas très heureux non plus. C'est à la fois pessimiste et réaliste. Mais ce sont les effets de colonialisme, on doit se souvenir de cela.

J'etais souvent avec les Blancs, je discutais mieux avec eux, je comprenais leur langage... je m'identifiais en eux, ils ne s'identifiaient en moi.
5 reviews2 followers
April 1, 2024
I had the honor of staying with Ken Bugul at her home in Senegal, as she is a close friend of my French professor. So kind—such an incredible writer with an incredible story.
Profile Image for Clara.
12 reviews2 followers
October 6, 2022
I feel bad for disliking this book? I think the story Ken Bugul is telling is really important and also interesting, I just didn‘t like the way she told it. I didn‘t like the writing style and never really felt invested…
Profile Image for Anna.
605 reviews40 followers
January 14, 2020
I felt quite bad disliking this. A female Senegalese author writing about being black and beautiful in Europe - should be a no brainer. But I didn't like the writing, the narrative changed between an idealised Africa and a demonized west, where everything bad happening, ever wrong decision is somehow due to uniform "white" culture. I got annoyed at the narrator. The ending is highly problematic as well. And in the middle I lost interest in the trials and tribulations of the woman. Maybe it was easier to read in the eighties, but I just wanted this to end and felt bad for disliking the narrator that much.

However, I think parts of it - especially when she reflects on how being educated in French schools estranged her from her family and other children and how she celebrated her "westerness" were interesting.

It just wasn't enough for me.
74 reviews
May 5, 2022
Es un libro autobiográfico, o eso parece. Supongo que también pretende ser un poco reivindicativo. Pero lo encuentro lleno de contradicciones e incoherencias ¿como la vida misma?. El hilo conductor no lleva a ningún sitio, pero se enreda en multiples situaciones no del todo explicadas, no del todo asumidas y ¡muy repetitivas!. Si no quiere ir a fondo, no merece la pena empezar a dar algunas pinceladas. Al final me aburrí un montón, aún así, voy a intentar el segundo volúmen a ver qué tal.
Profile Image for Begoña.
81 reviews10 followers
August 29, 2015
Ken é unha nena senegalesa que sofre o abandono familiar e inicia unha búsqueda identitaria como africana moderna no mundo occidental. A incomprensión, a alienación, o racismo e a inadaptación son unha constante neste libro no que a procura da identidade é vital para acadar a supervivencia e o sentido como ser humano nun mundo decadente e colonialista.
2 reviews
August 10, 2018
I loved this book. One of my favorite of all times.
Profile Image for M-AY.
296 reviews9 followers
June 30, 2024
Un roman autobiographique à visée cathartique prenant son origine dans une souffrance de l'enfance dont la référence et répétitions constantes m'a quelque peu enlevé l'empathie que j'éprouvais pour l'héroïne (seul bémol me faisant baisser ma note), cela en dépit d'un regard et de réflexions brillantes sur la société sénégalaise et neocoloniale (qui pourrait s'appliquer sur certains aspects à d'autres pays africains francophones), les hommes et surtout femmes noirs, la vie en en Occident, la perception de l'autre via le prisme du colonialisme, la fetichisation, l'aliénation...

Ken Bugul vise juste et a la capacité de mettre des mots et écrire sans faux semblants des vérités que ce soit du côté des colonisés et les populations du "Nord" colon, peu encore aujourd'hui sont prêts à en prendre conscience.
À lire.
Profile Image for Milenrrama.
1,464 reviews16 followers
June 10, 2024
3.5, en realidad. He dudado mucho de si redondear hacia abajo o hacia arriba. Quizá más adelante le suba una estrella según el poso que me deje.

La cosa es que ME HA GUSTADO. Vamos, se lee solo y es muy interesante. Tiene fragmentos incómodos (que supongo que podemos pasar por alto por aquello de que es un libro hijo de su época y que no progresamos igual en todos los ámbitos), pero en general creo que tiene reflexiones y pasajes muy memorables. Y Bugul escribe muy bien.

Cita que subrayé con especial saña: En este país, los enfermos están solos, los minusválidos solos, los niños solos, los viejos solos. Y son las etapas más ricas de la vida humana.
Profile Image for Jesus Lopez.
221 reviews4 followers
January 25, 2025
Es un libro que al principio parece que tendrá lugar en Senegal, sin embargo, conforme avanza la historia vemos como la protagonista descubre Occidente. Lo bueno, lo malo, el amor, las relaciones sociales. De esta manera podemos leer como la autora plasma la manera en que se entiende Europa desde la visión de los africanos.

Algo que llamó mi atención es la forma de contar la historia. Primero el origen del Baobab, luego cuando la protagonista vuela a Europa, para después regresar a la infancia y adolescencia de ella y regresar al punto donde se quedó en Europa. Resulta fuera de lo común pero aún así es interesante.
Profile Image for Ƹ̵̡Ӝ̵̨̄Ʒ.
19 reviews
March 26, 2025
Très belle plume de Ken Bugul que je sens renouer avec un passé inabordable, toujours semé de douceurs embaumées de la jeunesse continentale, ses brûlures soudaines, incomprises, à l’écart, et du violent résultat du système, le torrent qui nous pousse, voix de la diaspora. J’ai trouvé le texte très fluide voire philosophique, je me sens honteuse de peu lire surtout lorsque tout est aussi identifiable, mais propre à chacun. Une voix très mélodieuse qui retrace comme un ancêtre le passage à l’âge et aux actes incompris dans les deux mondes. J’ai fini d’une traite les péripéties avec peine et un sentiment de câlin en même temps.
Profile Image for Matías Pérez Ojeda Del Arco.
9 reviews3 followers
June 10, 2017
Historia interesante sobre el choque entre la modernidad occidental y la tradición africana, a lo 'Aventura ambigua' de Cheikh Hamidou Kane, aunque menos filosófica. Narra la experiencia de transitar en esa visión construida, impuesta, de la 'tierra prometida': el norte. El descubrir de Ken, las experiencias vicerales por las que pasa, el descubir de su cuerpo, los recuerdos vívidos de la madre abandonandola y la desazón de las luchas de la independencia en su país trayendo oligarquías necoloniales, más de lo mismo, su descubrir en Europa sobre el hecho de ser mujer negra, la idea erótica en relación al color de su piel, etc. Por ratos el libro se puede volver un poco reptitivo, pero el penultimo capítulo parece canalizar y cerrar bien la historia, abriendo la puerta al eterno retorno.
Profile Image for Robert.
67 reviews1 follower
July 30, 2022
So many layers of looking at life, through the lenses of womanhood, Blackness, foreignness, colonialism and so much more. This is a super heavy book (in content not length, coming in at ~170 pages) where I often could only read 10-12 pages at a time. But this is a story that had to be told, should be told, must be told to people who want to understand the complexity of the world.
Profile Image for Rose Fall.
Author 3 books26 followers
June 6, 2024
This book meant a lot to me personally. I've never read an account of a Senegalese woman's experience like this, and I could relate to many aspects of the main character's experience. It was also nice to see Wolof words in this context, and English definitions of it that also reframed my cultural understanding. Two sides of me that often feel separate were bought together.
Profile Image for Hannah.
27 reviews
February 5, 2025
« Pourquoi toujours était-ce l'homme qui mettait la femme dans certaines situations et pourquoi était-ce toujours l'homme que la femme allait trouver pour régler ses problèmes ? »

« Le sublime se superpose à l'irréel et j'étais incapable de rêver. »
134 reviews1 follower
February 26, 2025
une lecture très compliquée. Ce n’est pas une bonne lecture pour moi, je n’ai pas du tout adhéré au style d’écriture de l’autrice.

Les événements s’enchaînaient sans pour autant que je comprenne comment et pourquoi ils s’enchaînaient ainsi.
Profile Image for Kaylene D.
5 reviews
March 7, 2025
I totally loved this book as it was different from many I read. I felt like there was a message of not only colonialism externally, but internally. Specifically that Ken changed her morals and aligned herself to the colonist ideas until she couldn't....
Wonderfully written
Profile Image for Ana Enriques.
259 reviews13 followers
October 31, 2018
Es una lectura atrapante, diferente. La historia cautiva hasta el final y el mundo interior de la protagonista nos absorbe, pero me resultó opresiva y angustiante.
Profile Image for Leyendo en el sofá.
62 reviews6 followers
November 3, 2020
Es una novela que se lee sin parar. Plantea temas interesantes como la búsqueda de una identidad. Es autobiográfica por lo que resulta muy fuerte en ese sentido. ¡Recomendable!
Profile Image for Palesa Mbali.
44 reviews56 followers
May 13, 2021
“Ken Bugul lays bare an alienated self ravaged by colonialism and familial social dysfunction.”
Profile Image for Nancy H.
3,123 reviews
August 9, 2023
I expected a lot more of this book. It was okay but I thought that the narrative somewhat 'meandered' and it was hard to follow the chronology of events.
27 reviews
September 23, 2023
Interesante historia que mezcla fábula africana, problemas neocoloniales y la mentalidad africana en Occidente.
Displaying 1 - 30 of 55 reviews

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