From the back cover - “If we take a limited view of the message of the novel, we may regard it as a revelation of the defects of Tibetan Buddhism, as a theocratic dictatorship, and the abuse of power by the Lamaist hierarchy bent on preserving their monopoly of privilege and influence. Such an interpretation would fit the official ideology of a Communist state which harnessed literature and the other arts to political purposes. In the post-Communust period, readers may reflect on the fact that these phenomena are not restricted to any particular political or ideological system or any religion, past or present. List for power, the corruption that it engenders, and the hatred of dissenters are universal, unaltered aspects of human nature. The dangers inherent in this are ultimately symbolized by the dreadful fate of abbot Sanj - abandoned and blind in a lifeless wilderness...
If you want to be put off Tibetan Buddhism for life, read this book.
The comment by Agatha Hahn, co-translator with URANCHIMEG Togmid, on the back cover of the book, that we would be taking a limited view of the message of the novel if we regarded it as a "revelation of the defects of Tibetan Buddhism, as a theocratic dictatorship, and abuse of power by the Lamaist hierarchy bent on preserving their monopoly of privilege and influence", does not ring entirely true.
The book deals with the slowly growing doubts and eventual disillusionment of an intelligent and gifted young man from a poor Mongolian family who becomes a Buddhist monk, travels to Lhasa and studies there for a decade, eventually reaches the very pinnacle of success in his studies, and has to flee for his life because he knows too much to be allowed go back to his own country. The novel concerns his increasing questions about Buddhism as he witnesses the brutality of Tibet, the ugly punishments that are meted out (people lashed, thrown into scorpion-infested prisons, burnt as human candle wicks, or have rocks placed on their heads which are hammered till their eyeballs are squeezed out), the lust of the college musician for human bones for making instruments, the superstition and belief in magic, the threat of devils and hungry ghosts to keep believers in line, and the refusal of teachers to allow any kind of doubts or questions. There is no way out for someone who is in the system, as the protagonist finally tragically discovers.
I have no idea as to the accuracy of what is depicted, which dates back to the lawless era of Republican China, but the author dwells in loving detail on the minutiae of Tibetan Buddhism and life in Tibet at the time. Since the novel was written in the 1980s, towards the end of Mongolia's 'Socialist era' under Soviet control, there is no doubt that the author would have been expected to denigrate Tibetan Buddhism as a matter of course. Despite this, the novel gives every indication of being a deeply-felt criticism of Tibetan Buddhism, although it cannot be ruled out that the novel is an allegory for the corruption and irrationality of Communism (the author was later involved in writing the constitution for democratic Mongolia).
The translation by Uranchimeg and Agatha Hahn (who does not appear to be a native English speaker) is awkward, wooden, and sometimes confusing, but this only helps highlight the unnaturalness of what transpires between the book's covers.
The plot and characterisation are only reasonably well developed. There is a certain amount of coincidence (a couple of key characters suddenly pop up in surprising places) and there are unresolved contradictions in the main character's actions. The main focus of interest is the depiction of the protagonist's progressive doubts and the detailed account of religious and political life in Lhasa, its brutality, and its superstition.
The author, Lodongiin Tudev, was a major Mongolian author who was born a herder's son in 1935 and died in April 2020. As with many things Mongolian, there is regrettably no Wikipedia page about Tudev.
Interesting, thought the translation seemed rushed. There was a lot that went over my head and a lot that seemed a bit repetitive. The story was pretty engrossing, especially as I knew next to nothing about how Tibetan Buddhism operated with Mongolian Buddhism.