Paul Éluard was one of the most important of the early surrealists. Born in Paris in 1895, Éluard first became involved with the Dada movement, and after the war, disgusted by the commonly accepted laws of bourgeois morality, involved himself with surrealism. His fame as a poet began with Capitale de la Douleur (1926) and continued over the next 26 years with over 50 books. Une Leçon de Morale (A Moral Lesson) appeared in 1949, three years before his death.
Paul Éluard was the pen name of Eugène Émile Paul Grindel. French poet, a founder of Surrealism with Louis Aragon and André Breton among others, one of the important lyrical poets of the 20th century. Éluard rejected later Surrealism and joined the French Communist Party. Many of his works reflect the major events of the century, such as the World Wars, the Resistance against the Nazis, and the political and social ideals of the 20th-century.