Brilliant read. The book takes us through a brief natural history of Britain since glaciation all the way through to the rather dismal state of affairs we find ourselves in now. The decimation of our wildlife - which the author rightly points out is a national treasure which has all but slipped away into our unconscious - began not with the agricultural revolution many thousands of years ago, but with the intense, enclosed and insecticide fueled systems which developed through the 20th century. British birds had adapted to live alongside us in artificially grazed extensive farmland habitat and were generally doing well - like in parts of Eastern Europe to this day - until we began to squeeze every last cm of land for agricultural use and saw, or did not see, our house martins, swifts and flycatchers drop from thousands, to hundreds to just a few here and there. Those well read in this field have heard this story but where this book diverges is in its vision for the future.
With courage, the author speaks out against charities who have come to be a little self-serving and scared of their own shadows, micromanaging nature reserves and obsessed with target based initiatives. He laments ecological tidiness disorder (a term, if not a concept, new to me), the mass obsessive cleaning of all the natural world around us, from lawns and verges to ancient trees in Sheffield. He used back of the envelope economics to try and prove what a false economy this is, from cash-strapped councils who claim to have no money yet spend what little they have spraying and mowing like there is no tomorrow - which there isn't for many of our birds. He brings in some excellent examples, such as the house sparrow, which spreads around the globe at 250km a year as a non-native species but one we have extirpated from inner London because the habitat they live in is so polluted and ecosystem poor.
Where the book loses a little clout, in my opinion, is in the simplification of some of the arguments. The author suggests, with good evidence, that rewilding and letting go of vast swathes of our country is what is needed to save wildlife. It is hard to argue that point. However, at the end of one chapter he states Knepp is "more profitable, more diverse, more humane, more robust - and better for both people and wildlife alike". There are other forces at play here that the author doesn't touch on. Knepp's organic, expensive, meat, which I have tasted and love, isn't affordable or accessible to everyone. Organic food comes at a premium and requires much more land footprint. Overpopulation (which the author dismisses based on the relatively small physical land footprint we take up) and our dietary choices are two fundamental issues not touched on as key enables of lessening pressures on land. Do we import our food instead when we should be encouraging more local produce and reducing our carbon footprint? The owners of Knepp themselves concede not all farming can be like it is there. I think any book which is trying to rewrite aspects of our agricultural system should touch on these fundamental societal issues we are facing, that there are simply too many of us living too lavish a lifestyle. I did, however, warm to the idea of us hunting and eating more deer, which, in the absence of predators, have overpopulated and decimated some of our countryside.
By the end the book became slightly repetitive in its message. The same species were used in each chapter (red-backed shrike, white-tailed eagle, wryneck, willow tit, lesser spotted woodpeckers) to make the same argument over and over. Nothing will thrive in monoculture, be it nature reserves and SSSI's with species specific policies, fragmented island habitat reserves or in intensive farming. All these birds exist in other areas and they can only truly thrive in a dynamic mosaic of habitats.
The book held some outstanding research, the author was knowledgeable and well read and inserted the best material in the middle third of the book. He spoke of the paper based national parks we have, how our government do not push for restoration of large swathes of nature, how land managed for grouse (why this is tolerated is beyond me, given the well constructed arguments by the author & others) alone could be converted into a Yellowstone equivalent for Britain and the sorry state of affairs of nature in Wales, a place close to my heart where 88% of the land cover is set aside for livestock. Places we refer to as national parks harboring less wildlife than my urban park. It was hard to finish this book with a smile, because I felt we had been deprived of a much greater biodiversity in this country and it mostly goes by unnoticed by the vast majority of people living their lives. Where is the pride in making this country a better place? I didn't see much here and the author was right. His call to arms for a visionary revolution of the land gave a little hope but mostly had me questioning the lack of desire from our decision makers to make our country a better place to live.
As the author eloquently suggested, wouldn't it be nice if we had places to go that meant we rarely needed to go abroad for a nature fix? A better place for anglers, deer hunters, wildlife watchers, birders, hikers, adrenaline seekers, rural communities and frankly, all of us, if the air we breathe became fresher, the meat less pumped with chemicals, the wildlife more numerous and the imagination more full knowing we could possibly one day encounter megafauna, and dare I say it, even the trace of danger, once more in the British countryside. We seem to be in a collective malaise and this book does a great job of trying to wake us up from it. Let's hope that some of us read this and do our little bit to make this happen.