Книга известного американского ученого, доктора медицины Станислава Грофа — документальное отображение и систематизация огромного числа наблюдений в изучении необычных состояний сознания.
Для широкого круга специалистов в области философии и культурологии, психотерапии и психиатрии, сексологии, антропологии, социологии.
Stanislav Grof is known for his early studies of LSD and its effects on the psyche—the field of psychedelic psychotherapy. Building on his observations while conducting LSD research and on Otto Rank's theory of birth trauma, Grof constructed a theoretical framework for pre- and perinatal psychology and transpersonal psychology in which LSD trips and other powerfully emotional experiences were mapped onto one's early fetal and neonatal experiences. Over time, this theory developed into an in-depth "cartography" of the deep human psyche.
Following the legal suppression of LSD use in the late 1960s, Grof went on to discover that many of these states of mind could be explored without drugs by using certain breathing techniques in a supportive environment. He continues this work today under the title "Holotropic Breathwork".
Grof received his M.D. from Charles University in Prague in 1957, and then completed his Ph.D. in Medicine at the Czechoslovakian Academy of Sciences in 1965, training as a Freudian psychoanalyst at this time. In 1967, he was invited as an Assistant Professor of Psychiatry at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in Baltimore, United States, and went on to become Chief of Psychiatric Research at the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center where he worked with Walter Pahnke and Bill Richards among others. In 1973, Dr. Grof was invited to the Esalen Institute in Big Sur, California, and lived there until 1987 as a scholar-in-residence, developing his ideas.
Being the founding president of the International Transpersonal Association (founded in 1977), he went on to become distinguished adjunct faculty member of the Department of Philosophy, Cosmology, and Consciousness at the California Institute of Integral Studies, a position he remains in today.
Grof was featured in the film Entheogen: Awakening the Divine Within, a 2006 documentary about rediscovering an enchanted cosmos in the modern world.
I'd often heard Grof's name in association with psychedelic 'science', so I listened to this lecture expecting at least some surprising data or statistics that would challenge my/our current worldview. But instead of that, Grof made me increasingly question his methods and rationality. He seems to believe in, among other things, astrology, astral projection (forming memories from a POV flying outside the body), and past life memories.
Grof's main theory seems to rely on birth events and mythologies from the collective unconscious affecting (through some mechanism?) our later experiences of negativity, archetypal encounters, and healing. For these, I'd love to see good studies, because at times it felt that correlations are suggested wildly all over the place (as well as with the planets, thus astrology), but interpretation of causation is done Theory First, i.e., how you'd like to see the world work as opposed to what's the most likely explanation of your supposedly hard-to-explain data.
Pardon me (and point out) if I'm wrong, but I don't recall the lecture containing any discussion of the problems of (confirmation) bias; correlation and causation; the troubles with anecdotes and testimonials; or that among the criticisms of Ian Stevenson's reincarnation research is that he sometimes interviewed non-English speaking children through translators who themselves believed in reincarnation. Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence, but I don't think I've seen any yet.
In this book, Stanislov Grof details his theory about the connections between a person's birth experiences (being born, not giving birth) and later issues in life, psychological, physical and spiritual. Grof breaks birth down into stages, or Basic Perinatal Matrices (BPMs). He then details the experience of the infant in each of the stages, cycling through the blissful experience of floating in the womb, the increasing sense of being crowded and then panicked, feeling the contractions and having no way out, the physical pain of being out of the mother and into the world, and the first bewildering experiences of world outside the mother. Grof ties these experiences to later symptoms such as anxiety, addiction, chronic pain, asthma, etc. He describes a method of taking a person back through the birth experience, through breathwork, to resolve some of these issues. Some critics countered that breathwork is ineffective and noted that Grof's initial information came from research with LSD in psychotherapy, which is currently illegal in the United States.
I have no idea what initially prompted me to pick up this book. It's a fairly hefty read, and this was years before I was in graduate school for counseling. And truthfully, reading Grof's work, I had no desire to practice the kind of experiential, birth-focused therapy he advocated. But this book was my introduction to the world of transpersonal psychology, and I still remember my incredible excitement, reading some of his ideas, thinking, that's it, this is what I want to do.
While the ideas are fascinating, I found the actual writing really, really boring and droning. I swear to you, this book put me to sleep every time I picked it up. The first few sections were really groundbreaking and amazing, but then it seemed to repeat itself over and over and over. Since I'm not actually a psychologist or psychiatrist, some of the more 'technical' aspects of diagnosis and what-not towards the end of the book didn't keep me immersed. I actually put this book down a while back intending to finally finish the last 100 pages or so, but I realized I'd gotten all I was going to get out of it and left it there.
Ознайомлення з тим, що існує "поза межами мозку" чоловіка Великої Холотропної Кристини можна порівняти із тільки-но віднайденою сценою the Financier**: "Однажды, после того как они не раз уже обменялись беглыми взглядами, он остановил её..и с улыбкой..спросил: - Вы ведь живёте на нашей улице, правда? - Да, - отвечала она, слегка волнуясь и нервно раскачивая сумку с книгами, пронзительно пахнущими мускатным орехом, - я живу в доме №141. - Я знаю этот дом, - сказал он, пытаясь признать в навязчиво оплетающем ноздри запахе что-то недавно касавшееся его собственных рук. - Видел, как вы туда входили..Ведь вас зовут Пейшенс Барлоу? - Да, - подтвердила она, помимо воли усиливая раскачивание, рассчитывая, что сумка может выскользнуть, содержимое - разлететься, и тогда вдвоём пришлось бы им собирать её личные и даже интимные вещи. - Откуда вы знаете? - Слышал, - улыбнулся Станислав, нащупав в кармане кое-что съедобное, да успевшее наскучить. - Я вас часто вижу. Хотите лакрицы?" "Слышал" в 90% случаев равноценно "Верблюду", но уступает горбатому в КИД (коэффициенте искреннего действия) на половину, если не больше; однако речь не о трагифарсе Терми..Теодора то есть Драйзера. Станислав, очеядно, предлагает не лакрицу, которая даже не шоколад, батат какой-нибудь или незабвенная тыква - а самую настоящую, прошедшую испытание на лабораторных субкультурах примечательных своей врождённой высокоинтеллектуальностью и не уступающей иерархически духовностью, лизергиновую кислоту; "это не то, чему говорят нет" - можно прочесть на лице прикорнувшего Автора, в процессе дефрагментации памяти сном улепётывающего в окружении ИИ-помпейцев от неумолимо заполняющей улицы и стены города лакрицы. Лакричная парадигма несоместима с парадигмой шоколадной, кофейной, коктейльной, как и ньютоно-картезианская - с трансперсонально-квантовой, но намного ли она сместилась, в самом деле, и не задвигается ли активно-консервативно обратно, точно крышка саркофага, в котором искали мумию, а обнаружили Тома Хэнкса? Без сумніви, є вже теорія, що пояснює, як Том опинився в саркофазі, якщо він і справді ніколи не відкривав творів Дена, не знає, хто такий Білл, чому Микола не вважав Федора українським письменником, що спільного між Трипіллям, Тріполі й Триптофаном, тощо з останніх досліджень глибинної філантропофагії ПНАНЄ (Приватно Націоналізованої Академії Наук Європи). If 'scientific fact and paradigm cannot be separated with absolute clarity', можливо, треба спробувати не так активно наділяти факт логічно виведенною з нього фактичністю та навіть іноді підштовхувати його [у розвитком та розкриттям судження або комплексу подібних фактів] до синонимічності аксіомі? Или же, например, можно было бы пересмотреть качество фактичности как нечто среднее между (вынужденной) аксиоматичностью (истинностью) и гипотетичностью (консенсуальностью) в рамках как теории, так и извлекаемого для практического испытания из неё тезиса. Если есть проблема чрезмерной влиятельности парадигм на структуру научного исследования, то почему бы не обратиться, словами Грофа, к перинатальном и трансперсональному научного подхода к действительности как такового? Чи з якихось причин "науковість" приречена на недослідженість? К неизбежной актуальности и концу труда своего (таки 39-летней давности) Гроф предполагает: the psychological defenses that normally prevent the perinatal energies from surfacing into consciousness can start breaking down simultaneously in a large number of individuals, лидером масс в таких обстоятельствах оказывается an*** individual whose awareness of the perinatal forces is greater than average, and who has the ability to disown them and attach them projectively to events in the external world - как выразился один американский астрофизик, в отношении чьём некоторые блогеры злословят, it sounds a bit New Agey, but..разве не нечто подобное, если отвести одержимо анализирующие взоры от бесчисленных международных договоренностей, происходит в парочке пережитков буцімто соціалістичного незрозуміло чого? Что повторю несколько позже в эссе на чаще читаемой (?) платформе: '..anybody could be capable of committing the same crimes if the corresponding level of his or her unconscious were unleashed and the external circumstances played into it' - при этом внешние условия обеспечиваются, скажем, "ступінню потайності" или хотя бы смущением, испытуемым возмужавшей в широте своей узколобости общественности от ощущения обнажённости бессознательного каждого отдельного человечка. Человечка, вновь и вновь переоткрываемого in comparison of ideas with expreriences rather than with ideas, just like people - with humans, with agents, with beings or events, known and unkown soldiers with peace of a lake and the rest of a stone. Есть ли выход иной из таких обстоятельств, кроме предельной фрагментации общества? Как противодействовать идеологии и тотальности тенденций к "оборонительным войнам", если не через пресечение возможности людей кооперировать свои усилия в диктуемых "извне" направлениях, являющихся по природе своей диктуемыми "изнутри", недооценённым и несвоевременно интерпретированным личным опытом? Грубо говоря, не обязан ли всякий по предчувствии приближающейся войны, объективно не отвечающей перспективі функціонування незалежної державності, добровольно заключать себя в информационном пузыре, нацеленном на выполнение двух [принципових] задач - сохранение рассудка и биологического здоровья, особистої життєдайності, надісторичного потенціалу? Следуя тексту в обратном направлении, attaching the inner experiences to external persons and events frequently serves as powerful resistence to the process of inner transformation - чем можно с (нежелательной) лёгкостью объяснить "действенность" антисемитизма, расизма, ксенофобии, сексизма [и политкорректности] на протяжении эпох и солнечных лучей, рассекающих официально непризнанные темноты следственных изоляторов. Если "ни о чём не подозревавшему" населению какого-нибудь Кёльна устроили даровую дисциплинарную премьеру документалистики по одному лишь Майданеку - это не гарантирует того, что протестующие против действий правительства израильтяне предпримут что-либо конкретное в отношении самих себя и самого невинного намёка о спросе на подобные меры среди избирателей. В этом контексте, "безгрешность" верующего положительна как фактор для превосходящей конфессиональные интересы общины (Лихте��штейна, Гибралтара, Сан-Марино, Танжера, Суринама, Ливии,..) лишь до тех пор, пока в "безгрешное" существование верующего не происходит вмешательства рано или поздно принуждающего к преступлению заповеди законодательства. Коли є віруюча людина упокорюється літері L (of the Law) - тем налагая на себя "вторую печать", препятствующую психологической/духовной трансформации человеческой особи, - тоді ж припиняється й існування віруючої людини як позитивного фактора поза стінами релігійного храму. Это можно счесть [приблизительным] оправданием запретов, каковым подвергаются Свидологи Сайентришны (вони ж - Свішни Ієсанти) в некоторых странах. Ограничения законодательные сохраняют возможность освобождения посвящённых от первой (конфессиональной) печати, маскирующей хиленький подвесной замочек родовых традиций, неспособный сдержать перинатального и трансперсонального, as if они были представлены совсем уж неприметным в мерехтінні Шанхайської Русі нічним метеликом (Метерлінком). Звідси ж ростуть ложноніжки будь-якої дисиденції, реальної, дійсної, дієвої, відповідальної, а не того людресу, що влаштовує теракти у місцях обмеженого експлуатацією та споживанням контролю за життям і пересуванням "бірцям за незалежність" до мозку [знайдених під столом] кісток подібних. Стосовно самогубств: '..mechanistic and materialistic world view is rooted in fear of birth and death'; - насколько эффективно сообщение невозможности избежания "кармических паттернов" молодым людям, не находящим общего языка (и функций, кроме манипулятивной) с окружающими, не ищущими, в свою очередь, общего языка (кроме аффективно окрашенного) со сводящими счёты с эриниями (из мойрамидодыр), по причине считающегося здравым неумения и нежелания находить нечто общее в языках, унаследованных от воспитателей (в найширшому сенсі виховання) - собственно, от вопроса в растаком канцелярском обороте осталось с жёлудь; можна бути впевненим, що 90% поточних киян не майть здатностей до виконання ролі сіттерів "за відомих причин" - например, 45 из 90 при сообщениях о воздушной тревоге впускают растревоженный воздух вместе с неупокоенными предками в собственные лёгкие with such an elemental impulse which rare heartbroken dreadlock practices inhaling the very depth of Cobra Verde; склонность к самоубийству, возможно, ретранслируется и меняет русло на неблаговолящее к разрушительным инстинктам, если персона принимает как данность "кармические паттерны" - однако пагубная мотивация, биографическая либо перинатальная интенция сохраняется, остаётся неприкосвенной, по большому счёту, ибо раскрывается не требующая контроля и ответственности перспектива, по геймерскому словарю, перепрохождения уровня при последующих инкарнациях с превосходящими настоящие результатами; оценке паттернов немало способствует навязываемая соревновательность (подобно любительским театрам, не слишком старательно маскирующая свою бесчувственность за эмоциональностью и олитературиванием физики - ніби ревнощі на ярмарці, приховані серед овочів з уцінкою). Конкурентоспроможність малюка у розбитій ракетою пісочниці. Безумовно, "головна помилка тих, хто намагався собі нашкодити, в змішуванні внутрішніх процесів з елементами зовнішньої дійсності" - но указанием на 'главную ошибку' в действительной психотерапии паци..шлёп по губам, клєнту навряд можливо допомогти. Человек либо сконцентрируется на сведении счётов с обозначенным (світом, системой, більшістю, мораллю), в сферу влияния какового попадает и терапевт (що не в цьому випадку добре), либо просто прекращает прибегать к услугам психотерапевтов, ища подпитки 'ошибке' в духовном единстве и наставлении пророков и чревовещателей быстрого приготовления: "залити окропом чи гарячим молотком, 3-5 хвилин під кришкою, і з Вашої миски стирчать лотосові стопи!" [Временно] завершая, касаясь [кончиком клюва] контекста, характеризующего работу трансперсонолога, в отличие от содержания, поставляемого клиентом - три слова: inexplicably high risk. Специалист, взяв на себя ответственность за трансперсональные области опыта, невольно примеряет качество биографической непогрешимости - даже при условии завершения полного курса в рамках используемой им с тех пор программы, остаётся нечто неподвластное, недоступное, неопределённое или непроизвольно интерпретированное в названном самым полным личностном досье квалифицированного терапевта. Программа, будучи завершённой, оставляет неизгладимый след на характере и отношениях с клиентами (знов в найширшому сенсі) - just like any software or 'gameworld' one installs leaves a code in the installer's device, which can be a curious lead to anyone pathologically enthusiastic about such a thing. Програма і метод попросту змушують індивідуальність тимчасово (в межах 'окремого життя') діяти за саме "ньютоно-картезіанським закляттям", адже самі поняття "програми" и "методу" залишаються непідвладними змінам парадигми протягом історично-коЗМІчних літть. ... Из вопросов, не нашедших ответа в шелесте слипающихся от засахарившихся медов страниц: - Симптоматика Б, П й Т розрізняється по якостям чи за силою? - Про який "обмін" може йти мова в класифікованому суспільстві "боротьби"? - Чи не потрібно, відрізняючи психотичний процес від містичного, розрізняти власне 'процес' і 'потенціал' містичних та психотичних переживань? - Куди діли пана Лавлока та пані Інгліш з бібліографії? - Наконец, каким макаром ощущения моллюска превышают уровень образованности человека? ... *"за кордоном", для тих трепетних персоналій, кому світить звинувачення в "ухилянні" від вбиства чи смерті в ім'я того, від чого скоро вже імені не залишиться через саме вбиство та смерть, що відволікають від більш цивілізованих змін в структурі суспільства й держави **странное издание Ква-93 указывает художественного оформителя при отсутствии художеств и оформлении в стиле папок с дзенбуддетским "Дело№" и несколькими параллельными течению центра Плоской земли линиями , но ни лыком не поминает переводчика, выслужившегося, как минимум, читабельностью и скромностью ***слід звернути особливу увагу на відсутність 'an' на дещо популярного дизайну футболок таксистів, барменів, митців й інших політичних діячів
Dr. Grof provides insight into the inner realm of consciousness by means of fascinating case studies. In the tradition of Oliver Saks he describes very fascinating clinical cases. He has embraced a wholistic approach to diagnosis and remedy allowing for solutions to intransigent mental disfunction. His methods range from transpersonal psychological methods and natural plant medicines to micro-dosing using LSD. He offers hope to those people plagued by mental vexations who have been failed by traditional psychoanalysis and psychiatric methods.
A PROPOSAL FOR A ‘NEW PARADIGM’ IN PSYCHOLOGY AND THERAPY
Author Stanislav Grof wrote in the Introduction to this 1985 book, “The following pages represent an attempt to condense into a single volume data from almost thirty years of research on nonordinary states of consciousness induced by psychedelic drugs and a variety of nonpharmacological methods. It is a document reflecting my efforts to organize and integrate in a comprehensive way a large number of observations that have for many years challenged my scientific belief system, as well as my common sense… I do not expect my readers to find it easy to believe much of the information I put forward, unless they themselves have had corresponding experiences, personally and in work with others. I hope those who belong to this category will welcome this evidence as independent confirmation of many of the issues they themselves have been struggling with…
“As for readers who have not had such corresponding experiences, I am particularly interested in reaching those who are sufficiently open-minded to use the data I present as an incentive to conduct their own work aimed at confirming or refuting them. I do not expect anybody to accept the material in this book at face value; the technologies through which the experiences and observations discussed were obtained are described in sufficient detail to allow replication… the nondrug approaches described are readily available to anyone seriously interested in pursuing this avenue of research.” (Pg. xiii-xiv)
He states in the first chapter, “A scientist who is practicing normal science is essentially a problem solver. He takes the paradigm for granted and has no interest in testing its validity. As a matter of fact, he or she has considerable investment in the preservation of its basic assumptions… Paradigm testing thus occurs only after persistent failure to solve an important puzzle has created a crisis and led to a competition of two rival paradigms. The new candidate for a paradigm … must offer the solution to some crucial problems in areas where the old paradigm failed.” (Pg. 8-9)
He observes, “various transpersonal experiences tend to undermine the belief in the mandatory nature of linear time and three-dimensional space by offering many experiential alternatives… Although for the practical purposes of daily life one still thinks in terms of solid matter, three-dimensional space, unidirectional time, and linear causality, the philosophical understanding of existence becomes much more complex and sophisticated; it approaches that found in the great mystical traditions of the world. The universe is seen as an infinite web of adventures in consciousness, and the dichotomies between the experiencer and the experienced, form and emptiness, time timelessness, determinism and free will, or existence and nonexistence have been transcended.” (Pg. 50-51)
He suggests, “It seems obvious that we are approaching the time of a major paradigm shift. At present, there is a rich mosaic of new theoretical concepts that share certain general characteristics, as well as the fact of the radical departure from the mechanistic models… The universe would have its phenomenal, explicate, or unfolded aspects and its transcendental, implicate, or enfolded aspects… even in its preliminary forms the holonomic approach offers undreamed of possibilities in the controversial field of modern consciousness research.” (Pg. 91)
He recounts, “In observed fairly early in my psychedelic research that … no Western psychotherapeutic system was adequate to describe certain phenomena occurring in advanced stages of therapy or levels of psychedelic experience… It became altogether clear that the entire spectrum of human experience cannot be described by a single psychological system and that each major level of the evolution of consciousness requires an entirely different explanatory framework.” (Pg. 131-132)
He argues, “In the light of LSD psychotherapy and other powerful experiential approaches, the concept of psychosis will have to be dramatically revised and reevaluated… It is therefore absurd to diagnosis psychosis on the basis of the content of the individual’s experience. In the future, the definition of what is pathological and what is healing or evolutionary may have to emphasize the attitude toward the experience, the style of dealing with it, and the ability to integrate it into everyday life.” (Pg. 315)
He notes, “In principle, Western mechanistic science tends to see spiritual experiences of any kind as pathological phenomena... These psychiatric criteria are applied routinely and without distinction even to great religious teachers of the scope of Buddha, Jesus, Mohammed, Sri Ramana Maharishi, and Ramakrishna. This results in a peculiar situation in our culture. In many communities considerable psychological, social, and even political pressure persists, forcing people into regular attendance at church… Yet, if a member of a typical congregation were to have a profound religious experience, its minister would very likely send him or her to a psychiatrist for medical treatment.” (Pg. 334-335)
He summarizes, “The new definition of what is normal and what is pathological is not based on the content and the nature of the experience, but on the style of approaching it in the context of genuine support based on an understanding of the process; the most important criterion, then, would be the quality of the integration of the experience into the person’s life… However, it is absolutely essential to create for this purpose special circumstances and milieus for confronting such experiences, where the conditions and set of rules differ from those of everyday life… In the new approach, psychogenic disorders reflect the confusion between the hylotropic mode and the holotropic mode of consciousness, or the inability of the subject to confront the emerging holotropic material and integrate it into the everyday experience of the material world… The systematic application of this principle in one’s life and openness to a dialectic and harmonious interplay between the two basic modes of consciousness seem to be necessary prerequisites to genuine sanity and mental health.” (Pg, 403-404)
He concludes, “Inner transformation can be achieved only through individual determination, focused effort, and personal responsibility. Any plans to change the situation in the world are of problematic value, unless they included a systematic effort to change the human condition that has created the crisis. To the extent to which evolutionary change in consciousness is a vital prerequisite for the future of the world, the outcome of this process depends on the initiative of each of us. I have written this book with the hope that the concepts, techniques, and strategies that it describes could be of value to those involved in the transformation process or those interested in pursuing this route. It is an expression of my deep belief and trust in the evolutionary process in which we are all involved.” (Pg. 432-433)
This book will appeal to persons with an interest in transpersonal (or even ‘New Age’) approaches to psychology.
Stanislav Grof es un psiquiatra controvertido, que rompe con los paradigmas tradicionales de la psiquiatría para proponer una alternativa diferente que se enmarca dentro de lo que se llama psicología transpersonal, movimiento del cual es uno de sus fundadores. El libro “Psicología Transpersonal”, que en inglés tiene el título de “Beyond the Brain: Birth, Death And Transcendence In Psychotherapy”, es un libro que aborda una visión muy completa de los fundamentos y la terapéutica de la psicología transpersonal. Se trata de un libro extenso, con una referencia abundante a escritos y libros de filósofos, psicólogos, psiquiatras, físicos, científicos. Considero justo mencionar que no se trata precisamente de un libro de una lectura fácil para el público en general. Se requiere al menos de un conocimiento previo, aunque sea básico, de psicología, psiquiatría, filosofía de la ciencia, física cuántica, tradiciones espirituales de oriente. Hace muchas referencias a otros psicólogos como Freud, Adler, Jung, Maslow, Reich, Assagioli. Reconoce que muchas de sus ideas del libro tienen puntos en común con las ideas de Fritjof Capra, Carl Jung y Ken WIlber, entre otros más. Si usted cuenta con un poco de conocimiento previo de estos temas, el libro le resultará fascinante y estimulará el pensamiento para nuevas ideas acerca de nuestra realidad. De lo contrario, puede resultar áspero y difícil.
El libro inicia con una exposición epistemológica acerca del nuevo paradigma que supone un cambio en la visión de una nueva psiquiatría y una nueva psicología. Está sólidamente fundado en referencias abundantes hacia los principales filósofos de la ciencia como Thomas Kuhn, Karl Popper y Paul Feyerabend. En particular inicia sustentando su visión de la nueva psicología transpersonal, apoyado en los fundamentos de Thomas Kuhn sobre un cambio de paradigmas en la ciencia. Esta exposición me pareció muy completa, contundente y precisa, respecto a los límites actuales de la ciencia, que tiene dificultades para poder abordar la realidad psicológica y mental, la cual no puede ser explicada de manera adecuada o precisa por el modelo científico newtoniano-cartesiano vigente.
Grof afirma en su libro que un criterio central en esta obra es que la ciencia avanza hacia un cambio de paradigma lo cual cambiará nuestro concepto actual de la realidad, reconciliando la sabiduría espiritual oriental y la ciencia occidental. En este punto toma muy en cuenta los conceptos de tipo espiritual y místico de oriente para explicar los fenómenos mentales, el valor que tienen para integrarse dentro del campo de conocimiento de la ciencia occidental. También refiere los conceptos de la física cuántica (Capra y Bohm) y como estos se relacionan para entender los procesos mentales y como aportan elementos en el diagnóstico de los trastornos mentales.
Los argumentos de Grof, están fundados en los resultados y evidencias de sus investigaciones realizadas en el Instituto Esalen con sustancias psicodélicas (LSD) y en la terapia experiencial que denomina terapia holotrópica, las cuales describe ampliamente en el libro, mostrando algunos de los dibujos realizados por los pacientes. El enfoque que propone Grof es un enfoque “holonímico” que integre no solo los aspectos limitados de la biografía de la persona, sino que integre además de forma más amplia, los aspectos del nacimiento de una persona (perinatales) y los aspectos transpersonales. Este es el argumento principal que se desarrolla a lo largo del libro. Se trata de un nuevo modelo de la psique humana, un cambio de paradigma, que integre tanto el nacimiento como la muerte en un esquema que se denomina matrices perinatales. Cada una de las 4 matrices perinatales constituye una constelación de experiencias que vive cada persona y que quedan implantadas para siempre en su mente y que determinan su relación con la realidad (Sistema de Experiencia Condensada COEX).
Este nuevo modelo implica una nueva visión sobre los síntomas que expresan las personas a lo largo de su vida y que pueden resultar desde simples dificultades a trastornos severos, que actúan en “su realidad”, desde simples neurosis psicológicas hasta trastornos psiquiátricos profundos. Se hace necesario entonces un nuevo modelo de la conciencia que se modela como un “espectro de la conciencia” que abarca varios niveles de desarrollo y que para ser tratados se requiere un nuevo modelo de psicología espectral.
Lo más interesante es que con este nuevo modelo, los métodos de diagnóstico y evaluación de los síntomas, cambia radicalmente. Grof es muy severo inclusive en afirmar que la psiquiatría convencional con su enfoque médico es inadecuada y que en lugar de aliviar, mantiene, oculta o inclusive agrava el problema. De ahí que Grof propone un cambio fundamental en el modelo terapéutico para identificar que detrás de unos síntomas, no necesariamente esta algo mal, sino que más bien estamos frente a un proceso de evolución y desarrollo, que para el paciente resulta difícil, traumático y que en apariencia - solo en apariencia-, se muestra como algo que está mal, desde la mirada de los esquemas convencionales sociales y culturalmente aceptados.
En este sentido Grof pudiera ser parte del movimiento de la anti-psiquiatría, aunque no se considera él así. En la exposición de sus ideas, hace un análisis comparativo muy detallado de los puntos de coincidencia y de diferencias con las teorías de: Freud, Adler, Reich, Rank, Jung, Maslow, Perls (Gestalt), Assagioli. Esta síntesis de los modelos anteriores con los nuevos enfoques transpersonales, constituyen lo que Grof denomina como la “cuarta fuerza” en la psicología.
Es con este nuevo modelo que Grof plantea una nueva descripción y explicación de los síndromes psicopatológicos, dando lugar a una nueva arquitectura de los desórdenes emocionales. De manera muy detallada explica los desórdenes de tipo sexual, violencia y agresión, depresiones, neurosis, trastornos psicosomáticos, psicosis. Esta parte es un poco densa, “muy técnica”, pues abunda en descripciones y conceptos usados en psicología y psiquiatría. Sin embargo es fascinante y muy esclarecedora.
Ya en la parte final aborda los dilemas a los que se enfrenta la psiquiatría convencional y las aportaciones que este nuevo modelo de psicología transpersonal puede aportar al campo médico, psicológico, psiquiátrico y científico. Esta parte se podría interpretar como un conjunto de justificaciones a favor de la anti-psiquiatría, desde un punto de vista positivo y pro positivo para mejorar en la comprensión de los síndromes y trastornos mentales en pacientes y el ejercicio terapéutico. Me parece muy bien, porque Grof no solo se limita a mostrar lo que está mal, sino que también ofrece nuevos criterios, nuevos procesos terapéuticos, opciones y alternativas de solución. Esta parte puede resultar controvertida, pues se propone un modelo que incluya aspectos de tipo espiritual, místico y experiencial. Muchas personas podrán no estar de acuerdo con incluir en los modelos terapéuticos tradicionales, la prácticas no comunes a la cultura occidental como son las terapias experiencial, técnicas orientales de meditación, danza, abre-accion (acting out), entre otras. Esta nueva técnica terapéutica es la que Grof define como terapia holotrópica.
Finalmente Grof termina el libro con un análisis de los grandes hechos históricos desde la óptica de la psicología transpersonal y como se pueden explicar de una manera alternativa, los mismos. Se podría decir que es como una extensión de la psicología transpersonal a la psicología social.
El libro me pareció fascinante, porque estimula con la presentación de ideas tan amplias y diversas de pensadores, filósofos, psicólogos y científicos, una nueva perspectiva de la percepción de la realidad. Se puede estar de acuerdo o no, en la efectividad de la terapia holotrópica, y en los modelos de matrices perinatales y el nivel transpersonal. Pero el libro contiene argumentos y propuestas muy valiosas.
Grof dice al inicio: “No espero que nadie acepte el material de este libro de un modo incuestionable”. Cada modelo, cada teoría es correcta dentro del ámbito, dominio, espacio o límites que explica. Conforme avanza la ciencia, se van ampliado los ámbitos, dominios, espacios o límites del conocimiento. Considero en lo personal, que esta obra es un avance en el sentido que amplia conceptos, corrige supuestos e introduce nuevas perspectivas de la realidad.
Este libro es un pilar de la psicología, un antes y un después, no sé en la época actual cómo se haya desarrollado este tema pero el autor se esmeró mucho en sus conclusiones, aunque a esta rama de la psicología le falta mucho por desarrollar, (a veces por no ser muy ortodoxa) va en buen camino. En fin, nos ayuda a entender muchas cosas que con la psicología "normal" no entenderíamos.
I started this book knowing that I would love it, as it blends two of my favorite topics to research - altered states of consciousness and therapy. Czech psychiatrist Stanislav Grof was one of the pioneers of LSD research before the nearly worldwide ban on studying psychedelics halted much of his research. In the years following the ban, Grof continued to work with non-ordinary states of consciousness, attaining them through legal ways. During this process, he discovered a breathwork practice that approximated a psychedelic experience. Holotropic breathwork, as it came to be called, is regarded throughout the psychedelic and alternative healing circles as being a wonderful avenue for accessing those states of consciousness without having to ingest any particular substance. I was familiar with holotropic breathwork in theory, but picked up Grof's book hoping to learn more about the practice itself. I was surprised and delighted to find out that this book only spent on chapter discussing the breathwork practices, and instead was a thorough exposition of transpersonal psychology. Operating outside of the traditional psychological paradigm, Grof advocates for a model of psychology that takes into account pre-birth, near-death, altered states of consciousness, and spiritual experiences as all being valid to our experience of "reality." Many questions are raised throughout the book, challenging what it means to be "mentally ill" in our society. What if we treated "psychotic breaks" as "spiritual emergencies", for instance? What if instead of treating symptoms of hallucinations, or delusions, we acknowledged that there exist areas of our reality that we cannot see, but exist nonetheless? Grof is a self-professed intellectual, a skeptic of supernatural occurrences, and yet, he shares a number of personal anecdotes over the course of his research that gave him pause - instances of such strange coincidence that they challenged his rationalist worldview. With equal parts science and existential musings, this book left me feeling intrigued, inspired, and curious to learn as much as I can about this fascinating branch of psychology. While many aspects of this system are still considered "fringe science", I think it's high time we acknowledge that the mental health system we are currently operating within is broken on many levels, and embracing the fringe might be precisely what we need to do to create a new system that actually works, and Stanislav Grof's transpersonal vision is a great place to start.
This book is about the valid use of LSD during psychotherapy in order to bring about changes in the individual's psyche. Unfortunately, it reads like a dry text book, however, there are some interesting ideas. Also included is a history of Nazism and the horrible conditions inmates in the concentration camps were subjected to. While interesting, this book won't save you. Instead it's a proposal introducing new data that can be taken into consideration with the usual Newtonian-Cartesian paradigms a la Freudian psychoanalysis so the layman can spot these kinds of inconsistencies in politician's speeches when they want to go to war so you know what they're preaching is kind of bullshit and fueled by inferiority complexes and repressed emotions. Changes in the world can't happen by military conquests but rather changes must start in the individual. The Newtonian-Cartesian worldview is challenged as not being the only one that works. But, through the use of LSD man can come into contact with archetypal imagery such as various characters, previous lives, their birth or death, and war scenarios. These scenarios suggest that the origin of war crimes and conquest lie in simple faults like inferiority complexes (which might be obvious as they say Hitler and Napoleon, for example, were tiny men). The most intriguing part of this hypothesis (if you will) is that LSD can facilitate these experiences which challenges one's traditional worldview.
I knew Stan Grof quite well. His book Beyond the Brain is a groundbreaking work.
And why?
This Czech psychiatrist discovered that his patients could experience transpersonal states of consciousness through the administration of doses of LSD.
This experience triggered memories of past lives in human and other life forms.
A new paradigm for Western psychology was needed. The brain was not the center of all memories and consciousness. Past lives existed. One could astrally fly to other worlds, as most shamans did, and “mentally ill” people were indeed flooded with signals from other worlds and could not process them.
This new insight has opened the doors to transpersonal psychology, a discipline that is still in its infancy and goes beyond the mechanistic rat psychology that behavioral scientists indulge in many research labs.
The book is a bit academic, but well worth reading. For readers interested in other psychic channels in our everyday reality, it's time to take a walk on the wild side.
I think Stanislav Grof is a totally fascinating human being -- and this book has many great insights. Just a bit too heavy on the Freudian psycho analysis and the history of psychoses and their relationship to various forms of treatment for my taste. I enjoyed Michael Pollan's book a bit more -- looking for something in the middle.
But I plan to continue reading and listening to Grof -- an insightful man with an adventurous set of experiments -- including ones on himself.
Stanislav Grof is known as a pioneer in psychedelic therapy. In this book he gives a summary, almost encyclopedic knowledge of the various schools of psychology and a review of various consciousness technologies, including mention of the resulting visions, trances or mystical experiences. Absolutely loved it.
It fascinates me to accidentally find books that blow my mind and give me feelings of belonging in equal measures. Incredible subject matter, written and presented in such a relatable way I was fully engaged.
Hearing the book narrated by the author was fantastic - I wouldn’t have done it any other way.
I enjoyed this book as it gives you a transcendent way to look beyond your consciousness. It is a hard reading and takes a very open mind to digest all ideas. It is more recommended for those seeking a career in psychology than for a casual reading.
Mor conversational than I would have expected, but not a bad thing! I enjoyed the discussion of the perinatal matrix and how the language of birth trauma can be used by totalitarian regimes to trigger their subjects into conformity. Spiritual health is mental health and environmental health!
An interesting book to say the least. Stans writing and narration is not the easiest to follow at all times but if you are patient through it, there are gems to take away
Beyond the brain. An angel and skull and rose against celestial paths.
My therapist drew me to this book. She told me to read it and I nodded and noted it down and lost the note and then it practically fell out of the shelf at dad’s. I am barely in but what I feel is a deep longing and need to believe in something other. That we mourn a belief in a higher deeper lower meaning. We want to be other and be othered and be unothered. So it might have been him tossing it from beyond the grave or my therapist channeling a deep knowing or mere chance or poor stacking but i am now on the replacement bus reading it and it is expected to get to 39 at 5pm.
This book is a very good overview of Grof's ideas grounded in modern consciousness research and his work with psychedelic drugs and other experiential methods of therapy. I think it is a great book for anyone with some background in psychology and who is interested in or open to the idea of non-traditional methods of therapy or theories of psychology.
I would not recommend this book to someone who isn't already somewhat familiar with Grof's work. The work does seem to operate under the assumption of that familiarity. Many of his core concepts are only explained briefly and not in much depth. I think a better introduction to Grof's ideology and theory is probably LSD: Doorway to the Numinous. Beyond the Brain is much easier to understand with a basic understanding of Grof's theories, because he talks about them in relation to recent work in other disciplines that supports and/or complements his research and theory.
Overall, I think the book was well-written, but I think it could have benefitted from a bit more in depth discussion about some of the work in other disciplines that complements Grof's theory. Sometimes the connections weren't convincing because I wasn't able to see the details of how they were supposed to be connected and how the research had been conducted. Astrology is the first that comes to mind. They were cited, but I would have preferred to read more about them in the context of this book. For as long as it was, it may as well have taken the extra step to include comprehensive coverage of its topics.
Not sure I ever finished this profound work, but, long ago, Grof had a BIG impact on me. But the astonishing Meditations on the Tarot interrupted my trajectory with Grof and suggested to me an even deeper form of transformation. My review of Meditations on the Tarot here:
The book is monstrous, and I've been working my way through it for months. Very well written, and I have a lot of respect for Grof. Don't expect an easy read though.