If Save the Cat is like arithmetic, Screenplay is like algebra.
What’s fascinating to me is the type of person each of these books was written for, which can be gleaned from the movies recommended by the authors. Blake Snyder loves Legally Blonde and Four Christmases while Syd Field is more of an American Beauty and The Shawshank Redemption guy. Snyder wants to cash in on the mostly clueless get-rich-quick crowd whereas Field aims at aficionados who have good concepts but no idea how to execute; he harbors no illusions about the field’s financial outlook, instead focusing on the love of the work itself. As Field and I are much closer in terms of taste, I obviously recommend his book over Snyder’s.
What does it do well? For one, it breaks down several scripts line-by-line and explains not only why they work, but how they work. Turns out that the screenplay form has magical properties that novels, plays, and poems lack (vice versa, of course), and that understanding them is key to animating your text. The technical, visual, and emotional aspects are all covered, as are the common pitfalls that trap novice screenwriters. Field tells of F. Scott Fitzgerald’s failed foray into Hollywood, his students’ successes and failures, and interviews with prominent screenwriters. All of which are great fun.
David Foster Wallace offers: “Movies are an authoritarian medium. They vulnerabilize you and then dominate you. Part of the magic of going to a movie is surrendering to it, letting it dominate you.” Which is absolutely true. And from Spiderman: “With great power comes great responsibility.” So you see what cinema we watch is vital, and it is people like Field who have a hand in shaping its future. I, for one, prefer films that allow audiences to come to terms with our common humanity, as opposed to those which shape our worldview into something simple and zombified.
As such, the creation of a film is wrought with ethics through and through. Field gets extra brownie points for centering his philosophy around Hegel, who “maintained that the essence of tragedy derives not from one character being right and the other being wrong, or from the conflict of good versus evil, but from a conflict in which both characters are right, and thus the tragedy is one of ‘right against right,’ being carried to its logical conclusion. [p.132]” Example films that fit the bill include Hayao Miyazaki’s repertoire and, recently, Captain Fantastic.
You might ask why I only give this four stars, and the reason, ironically, has to do with form. Field practically invented the three-act structure, but it certainly isn’t the only paradigm (to use his term) through which a story can be told. While this was broadly true of Hollywood when the first edition of the book came out, it seems disingenuous to fit Memento and Pulp Fiction into the model – round pegs into square holes – much less the art cinema of Rive Gauche and Haneke or mind-benders like Primer. Movies, constrained by time, must have a beginning and ending, but how they are structured in between is not nearly as fixed as Field suggests.
I eagerly await the day someone makes a film whose ending is not the actual ending and whose actual ending must be deduced by the audience after the fact. I guarantee the first person to do this will be hailed as a genius. Oh wait, I've just read a couple screenwriting books. That could be me!
P.S. Watching Chinatown is required before you start reading; Field references it extensively.
Favorite quotes
“I once taught a workshop in Germany for some fifty writers, and out of fifty stories, forty-six of them ended in death, suicide, mayhem, and destruction. [p.86]”
“All drama is conflict. Without conflict, you have no action; without action, you have no character; without character, you have no story; and without story, you have no screenplay. [p.25]”
“Point of view shades and colors the way we see the world. Have you ever heard phrases like: ‘Life is unfair,’ ‘You can’t fight City Hall,’ ‘All life is a game of chance,’ ‘You can’t teach an old dog new tricks,’ ‘Life is unlimited opportunity,’ ‘You make your own luck,’ ‘or ‘Success is based on who you know’? These are all points of view. We all have points of view, singular and unique, individual to the personal experience and expression of each person. It should be mentioned that a point of view is acquired through personal experience. [p.65]”
“Film is behavior; action is character and character, action; what a person does is who he is, not what he says. [p.69]”