"The external is an internal raised to a level of mystery." -- Novalis
"A fool sees not the same tree that a wise man sees." -- William Blake
"These sudden intimacies with Immortality, are expanse - not Peace - as Lightning at our feet, instills a foreign Landscape." -- Emily Dickinson
Klages' Of Cosmogonic Eros (translated by Mav Kuhn) is a very dense and rewarding life-affirming work. As a result of studying The Biocentric Worldview, a collection of Klages' essays translated by Joseph D. Pyrce, I came prepared with a great deal of background knowledge. I also read the introduction by Paul Bishop multiple times, and I found watching his video interviews to be very helpful. In his vitalistic philosophy, Klages criticized 'logocentrism', which emphasizes the fixed and discrete and its need to segment, separate, and categorize everything.
Klages describes Eros as the ever-renewing cosmic force that generates life out of chaos. Like the Dao, Eros involves the complementing of polar opposites (i.e., coming and going, growing and fading, illuminating and extinguishing), and the continual transformation of bringing together and tearing apart primal images. During the ecstasy brought on by Eros, one's sense of self is shattered, and one experiences primordial images, which are metamorphoses that do not have conventional existence since they are non-corporeal, non-touchable, and non-conceptual. Ecstasy liberates the soul (the primordial image of life) from the shackles of spirit (reason, concepts, ideas, abstractions, will, purposefulness).In one of Bishop's interviews, he noted that while spirit has a monotonous machine-like beat, soul's primal images have variety built into the patterns of beats, the rhythm of push and pull, where elasticity is life. In authentic ecstasy, you are transported beyond yourself ('unselfing') to experience the primordial image as a living and breathing ensouled universe where All is meaningful. Despite their transience, these experiences reveal a life-pulsing, ever-renewing reality of images.
Klages argues that the "soul is the meaning of the body, the image is the manifestation of the soul". Elsewhere in his magnum opus The Spirit of Adversary of the Soul (not yet fully translated), he stated, "Body and soul are poles of the life-cell which belong inseparably together, into which from outside the spirit, like a wedge, inserts itself, in the endeavour to split them apart, to 'de-soul the body, to disembody the soul, and in this way finally to kill all the life it can reach." The intellect devalues and mechanizes life, making it hostile (e.g., an administrative mindset that emphasizes statistics and a psychoanalytic mindset of slotting people into overarching categories). In Klages' view, the pre-classical Pelasgians were the roots of Western civilization and a symbol for indigenous communities as far back as we can trace, and he considers the analysis of symbols superior to reason when conveying man's downfall from soul to spirit (from the soulful Pelasgians to the modern technocratic age of spirit). As Klages argues, the ego is infiltrating into our being more and more and becoming who we are. Spirit and ego are like vampire invasions outside of life, which separate us from our soul and devitalize us.
According to the book, there is an "Eros of Distance", which decouples the spirit's 'I' from the soul, leading to a sense of "fullness" and being outside oneself: "Eros is 'cosmogonic' because it is 'a state of fullness pouring out of itself, according to which the inner -- inasmuch as it gives birth to itself -- becomes in a moment something external, world, and phenomenal reality... [it] is [a] continual revelation of something that continually flows forth from the most hidden part of the soul." There is no way to grasp or touch an image, so it remains at a distance, hence the term "Eros of Distance". In other words, we enjoy things from afar; we observe them without trying to grasp them or doing violence to them. When we observe them, enjoy and appreciate them, and recognize their uniqueness, we can view the world as art in our own idiosyncratic way (such as when we see an awe-inspiring image of a glowing wood, bathed in a setting sun on a particular day, at a particular time).
During an ecstatic rite, a mystes can engage in a divine marriage (hieros gamos) with a daemon in order "to be inspired by, or possessed by a god". This leads to the experience of the "Eros of Distance" through unselfing. A lot of what he said reminded me of a quote from Taintong Rujing: "The sky tips over like a jar flooding the inner vision."
Life and death are vital forms to be celebrated, and "Eros of Distance" applies to the present and past, not to the future which Klages considers a fabrication of the spirit. Past and present are interconnected, and the past matters because it lives on and is meaningful. Klages spends a lot of time analyzing ancestor worship from a hylozoist perspective. He argues that "time is the soul of space".
The book felt like a nice blend of Greek mystery schools and German philosophy. Eichendorff's sublime poem, quoted in the book, captures Eros' essence:
Whoever has deeply and thirstily drunk,
Is pulled down to the wondrous source,
And melodically swims along as a wave,
On which the world breaks into thousands of sparks.
With yearning grows the holy well, crashes,
Shines intoxicated, jubilant within,
At times forging through the chasm to dazzling light,
At times rushing cool then sunken in night.
So let it eagerly roar and rush!
For upon it floats the poet in golden bark,
Himself a holy sacrifice in songs.
The ancient rocks split with a crack,
From yonder greet us kindred ballads,
He guides us back to the eternal sea.