This is a fascinating, important, intriguingly flawed book.
The central thesis is a critique of the "sharp" Neolithic boundary or Neolithic Revolution theory: at around 12,000 BPE, a radical, abrupt, and monumental change took place in the fundamental structure of human societies, with relatively little in the way of precursors. It's a pretty arrogant idea - that we modern humans are somehow qualitatively different from (=superior to) even relatively near ancestors, that we have a clear understanding of what was happening at the Neolithic boundary from a well-rounded archaeological record, that the evolution of culture is concretized in the history of technology. Combined with the common mythological theme of the Culture-Bringing Diety, it's not all that surprising that a lot of pretty quirky explanations are offered for the "revolution" - from abrupt evolutionary changes in the brain to technology-purveying aliens. It's an idea that needed a good smack upside the head, and Rudgely is happy to deliver.
Unfortunately, his approach reads a little bit like "There is a horrible, worldwide, pervasive, monolithic conspiracy to maintain a scientific status quo that is wrong! The MOUNTAIN of data from many many researchers all around the world demolishing the status quo: let me show you it!" Wait, what?
But the DATA. All the pretty data! It's comprehensive, rich, and fascinating. Rudgely is meticulously careful to use research not only from Europe and the Middle East, but from throughout Asia, Africa, Australia, and (to a lesser extent) the Americas, and from technologically analogous modern and recent-historic cultures. The argument for a "soft" Neolithic boundary, a 10,000-year-+ period of slow, accumulating, incremental (and - this is critical for a credible theory of evolution, cultural or biological - useful at every stage) emergence of writing, ceramics, food production, textiles, and other technologies, built on a foundation of symbolic and critical thinking abilities and complex social organization reaching into deep time, is compelling.
In short, I wanted this book to be for the Mesolithic what 1491 was for the pre-Columbian Americas... and at times, it approached that masterwork quality, but it always fell short, dragged down by its own ideological axe to grind. SO disappointing.
As a much more ideologically neutral companion, I recommend Nicholas Wade's superb Before the Dawn, which is more recent (2007) and reaches further back into time than Lost Civilizations, but deals primarily with biological and genetic history to Rudgely's cultural and archaeological history.