This book puts forward some interesting ideas, but the structure didn’t really appeal to me and I found it quite a dull read, which is disappointing as evolution is normally a subject that interests me. I did wonder at times whether the book was written as much for the author’s professional peers as for the general reader.
The author is a psychiatrist and looks at possible evolutionary reasons to explain mental health problems. Readers familiar with the principles of natural selection will already know that it selects traits that assist with reproduction, and not necessarily traits that assist with human happiness. The author argues that many aspects of mental health that we today see as problems exist because under certain circumstances those same aspects were useful to our ancient ancestors. One obvious example is around eating disorders, not just conditions like bulimia but also inability to diet. In prehistoric times the food supply was erratic and it made sense to gorge ourselves when large amounts of food happened to be available. The ability to convert surplus food into reserves of fat was also a useful trait for an individual who might have to wait a long while before his or her next meal. These traits would have helped people to survive and reproduce and have only become a problem in today’s world, when many of us live amongst a cornucopia that our ancestors could not even have dreamed of.
Anxiety, and male jealousy, are just two of other features cited by the author as having a possible evolutionary origin. Our ancestors lived in an extremely harsh environment full of dangerous predators and, in all likelihood, humans from enemy bands only too happy to bludgeon you to death. What was that rustling in the bushes nearby? At this time in history anyone who was without anxiety would almost certainly have come to an early death. The author even tentatively links agoraphobia to this origin, although I felt that this was a bit speculative. Male jealousy (he doesn’t discuss female jealousy) may arise from the fact that males cannot be 100% sure that their partner’s children are actually theirs. He imagines a band of early humans with “Mellow Guy”, who doesn’t mind his partner flirting with others or even disappearing with them for several hours, and “Jealous Guy” who closely monitors his partner’s behaviour. Mellow Guy may lead a happier life but will likely end up raising other men’s children. Jealous Guy has more children and gets to pass on his genes, and his personality traits.
A lot of people are uncomfortable with these ideas, and I suppose it comes down to a feeling that they provide a “get out of jail” card for unacceptable behaviour today. Jealousy can range from a slightly unattractive personality trait to the motivation for murder, and people are understandably hostile to any claim from a perpetrator that “it’s all in the genes”. I suppose the answer is the one that Richard Dawkins offered in The Selfish Gene, which is that humans have consciousness and can therefore rise above our genetic programming.
Ultimately the author admits that we are still a long way from understanding the brain, and that his ideas are aimed at advancing our understanding just a little bit more. It’s a step-by-step process.
Because I found the book a slowish read, I wouldn't especially recommend it to my GR friends.