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275 pages, Hardcover
First published January 1, 1986
Next came the lower middle class with its core of craftsmen and artisans, who lived in constant fear of losing their livelihoods to machines and being sucked down into the anonymous masses of the proletariat; their anxieties tended to make them susceptible to antisocialist and jingoistic movements and slogans.
The last multiparty elections took place in this climate of intimidation on March 5, 1933, yet even under these circumstances the NSDAP [Nazis] won only 43.9% of the vote. The Nazis were never elected by a majority of the German people, for later plebiscites with outcomes of over 90 percent took place under the peculiar conditions of a totalitarian dictatorship, in which such election results are the norm.
Unlike democracy, which had been perceived as austere and rationalistic, the [Nazi] dictatorship satisfied people's emotions. Skillful appeals to tradition played a major role in this success.... The staging of political events, the transformation of slogan into magnificent theater, and the insertion of potent symbolism into everyday life -- these were techniques the government had perfected as never before in German history.