Recommended book. I will first share the main insights I gleaned from the book to give you an idea of the content. Then I will share my personal thoughts at the end
Key insights that stood out to me:
Every culture and race do not all start from the same position. More black people are in poverty and structural racism blocks ethnic minorities from flourishing.
The national media does not help. It's important to understand the misconceptions and harmful stereotypes.
There can be secondary trauma from all the black murders seen on TV. If one member suffers, we all suffer. So where is the empathy from Christians?
History tells us that until the majority culture engages with the minority culture, structural injustices remain. Silence will be interpreted as silence or collusion, sitting on the fence is not an option. If you don't admit a problem, there can't be a solution.
"Racism doesn't have to be blatant to be dispiriting, and it doesn't have to be intentional to be real."
There is a huge difference between a church being diverse and being inclusive. There can be in churches a strange colour blind mentality because God values us all equally. Yet we shouldn't ignore our individual differences and the realities and challenges of POC (People of Colour). Colour consciousness give license to explore different cultures and true representation of God diversity. Revelations 7:9 is the goal we should work towards. Diversity without inclusivity can isolate the marginalised, lead to integration fatigue and stunt spiritual growth of black members. Integration is also different from assimilation, we shouldn't want everyone to just become the same. 'Othering' can be an issue too where minority people are made to feel different and left out.
Biblical Christianity can take the identity of any culture, there is no Christian monoculture, differences should not be ignored. If you are white, listen and don't be scared to ask and talk about race. Leaders set the culture.
The church was also complicit with modern slavery. Effects can still be felt and there is a collective responsibility for past wrongs. There can still be body politics where black people are judged as more body than mind, a legacy of slavery. There is a Christian tension between individual accountability so people are not responsible for past wrongs, and the obligation to pursue justice.
There is a whitewashing of history, in church and society. Race is a social construct. The Bible focuses on ethnic differences mainly as identifiers, not to encourage supremacy or bias. Black hermeneutics is important, Africa and black people are an important part of church history. We can't become what we can't see. Whiteness is not the norm, show accurate history.
Contextualisation is the challenge to present the truth of the gospel in a culturally relevant way. Christians need to read more broadly, listen to more varied voices and challenge overtly racist theology.
Do churches practice what they preach when they talk about wanting a multicultural church? People of different cultures, worship styles, traditions, all together. You can't want a multicultural church yet expect everyone to look white and worship in the same way. Embrace everyone. If you are a minority sometimes you can try change the way you worship to fit in and not stand out. Eventually, this can become too controlled or restrictive.
We are all made equal, yet can celebrate and acknowledge difference. Elevating our togetherness over differences can result in ignoring specific issues in a particular people group. Elevating our individuality over collective identity as Christians can result in tribalism and division.
Race may be a social construct, yet we live in a racialised society so should recognise the impact. Jesus will eventually bring harmony but we should not be passive or we fall short of Jesus's vision for the church.
When someone is racially abused people tend to leap immediately to reconciliation and forgiveness. Yet confession and repentance also need to happen: for denying racism and lack of effort to confront racial inequality. We need to continually understand our prejudices and seek to build relationships with a diverse range of people. Radical solidarity was apparent in Acts 6. The onus fell on the majority culture to make the situation right and the minority culture was given responsibility and authority. Jesus embraced those who were on the periphery and brought them to the centre. The early church was known for its radical love and unity.
Diversity is about bodies, inclusion is about culture. The Bible advocates church leadership that reflects the community it serves, like in Acts 13 Antioch. Does tokenism trump the deliberate and intentional development of black leaders in white spaces? Racial stereotypes in the media and church can be a problem.
Even when leaders, black people can struggle with imposter syndrome, the false belief you are not as good as everyone else. And integration fatigue, the social and psychological stress response to being a POC in a predominantly white environment.
The Guinness effect is where there is white majority leadership in black majority congregation.
Understanding bias is hard, our brains are hardwired to make decisions based on past experiences and current perceptions. Often in churches leadership development opportunity is based on relationship, not transparent recruitment policy. Opportunities should be open for black church leaders.
There is a difference between social welfare-caring for needs practically in the community, and social justice-campaign and advocacy addressing the structures that affected the community in the first place.
Is there a different emphasis on theology in churches between the races? In some white evangelical churches there can be an emphasis on personal conversion over community transformation and renewal. Christians are called to redeem entire cultures, not just individuals.
We cannot hope for mere intellectual salvation, hoping they will hear our speeches and come to Christ. Instead, we must enter communities physically and emotionally. We must enter their suffering and speak the gospel to their individual broken contexts. We cannot effectively serve broken people and bring them the gospel unless we know their brokenness.
Black people need to use their agency to speak up. And it's important to have a range of black voices as all are different. Joseph and Esther in the Bible had the ear of the majority culture, remembered their heritage and fought against injustice.
White allies are needed too. Yes all lives matter, but black people have historically (in the USA) not been seen as equal.
Don't try to open up this deep debate without knowing someone personally first. Go out your comfort zone and get to know different people. You are the majority culture and part of the power structure so you have to make to the effort. Are you a perpetrator, bystander or resister?
POC: seek out relationships with people who understand you for who you are. Not all white people are naive about racism and not all black people are woke. Have immersive spaces or sanctuaries where you can get rest and recharge. Don't let the battle for social justice take over your whole life. Cast your cares with Jesus. Power the fight with spiritual weapons, keep praying. Prayer changes hearts. We need the Holy Spirit and to become more like Jesus. No point having a loving attitude towards God but be hateful/indifferent to people made in his own image. If you are white, listen better to POC without having to immediately offer a solution or take things personally.
My personal thoughts:
Timely book indeed and some very helpful insights. Especially for white church leaders in areas that are multicultural. Much of what is written is basic for BAME (Black, Asain, Minority Ethnic) people but a great conversation starter. People do have prejudices that can be harmful and injustice has happened historically and can happen now.
However, some parts I didn't like and much terminology and phrases strayed into identity politics (which I'm beginning to witness can be a destructive ideology). Too much of an effort is sometimes made to separate people into their constituent groups. In many cases, the differences between individuals are bigger than the differences between groups. It is difficult to say blanket phrases like white privilege and, from experience, can start the conversation off on the wrong foot. Saying things like 'you are part of the power structure'. It can be difficult and unhelpful to say things like the UK church is structurally racist.
The oppressor/oppressed storyline focuses on victimhood and can accuse others of being oppressors simply due to how they were born, giving little hope for change. It seems we cannot separate the church from wider issues in society because the church belongs in society.
Yes people are treated differently due to race, but BME are still the minority so by definition, they will have less representation. People always portray Jesus in their image, I'm sure we'd see a black Jesus in Africa! We can't come to England and expect to find a robust theological representation of black people immediately. Plus there are confounding factors, black Caribbean boys get expelled more. Is it only because they are black, or could part of the problem be that they tend to be more from single-parent homes? Who could actually say what is a bigger cause? Are some of the ills only due to the colour of a person's skin or due to multiple reasons (albeit all need to be tackled?
Furthermore, can we really compare our society to Nazi Germany and Bonhoeffer's resistance? Stand up to injustice yes but recognise how well we are treated here (despite the long road ahead). I'd much rather be a POC in 2020 UK than 1939 Germany!
I also think that gender and race are different (but important) discussions. Race is a social construct and there is minimal difference between ethnicities except melanin pigment, it is mainly cultural differences. Gender, male and female, are shown to be different biologically, psychologically and other ways. Both important issues but different discussions.
I think another massive thing is class. Much of the UK church is middle class which can be a barrier for others. The book 'church for the poor' is a recommended read here.
I believe it all boils down to treat everyone with dignity, show love, and seek to understand people different to you. Be hospitable and welcoming, especially to anyone who is a minority as this can be harder for them: BME, disabled, age, single, single parent, working class. Whoever is a minority in your church!
I have experienced difficulty in the past (I am Asian with both parents converts from India, I grew up in Kenya and spent time in various UK cities) and can strongly relate to integration fatigue. Differences will always persist. Yet I can't help but think if more people were initially more welcoming, hospitable, taking a genuine interest in me and my culture, I would have felt much more welcome.
I believe a multicultural church is a kingdom mandate and is possible. Let us seek friendships different to us and listen well. Keep praying. Keep asking. Keep loving. A recommended book to start an important conversation.
I do indeed believe that we need to talk about race.