“The first gulp from the glass of science will turn you into an atheist, but at the bottom of the glass God is waiting for you.” Werner Heisenberg.
Science and religion are sometimes thought to be mutually exclusive. In this book, a biochemist and an ex-atheist, shared his journey in science that led him to faith. Through his scientific lens, he saw the works of the divine Creator.
As a scientist, he fully understood the limitations of science to answer all of life’s questions. The existence of constants in science is in themselves observable phenomenons but unsolved mysteries. With the likes of Heisenberg’s uncertainty principles and Godel’s incompleteness theorems, they demonstrate the limitations of science as the single tool for understanding the physical world. At the end of the pathway that science can take us, we need to get off the science automobile to take the last steps in faith to reach where we want to go, to complete our quest for understanding the world around us.
When it comes to the sciences of life, biology and chemistry, the beauty of its complexity is even more perplexing for scientists. For example, many of our bodily functions are driven by basic chemistry. In the natural world, chemical reactions are rare and tend to react quickly towards equilibrium. However, in the world of living, chemical reactions happen all the time - photosynthesis, metabolism, amino acid synthesis. When it comes to realm of genetics, it is even more marvellous, embedded inside is, DNA which is a genetic blueprint that gets passed down the generations. As we learn about how proteins are built through transcription of the DNA sequence, we can’t help but marvel at the complexity and ingenuity designed within each and every one of us. It’s too simple to say that all these just come about randomly. There has got to be some grand design and hence a Creator.
If science and religion are compatible, what about evolution? For the author, akin laws of physics or chemistry, evolution is a biological law built into all living things to maximise the chance for survival - natural selection, by increasing diversity of species through small mutations. Also similar to the laws of physics and chemistry, this biological law has to be written by a Creator and not a product of randomness. Two examples cited - the evolution of eye balls in mammals and octopi as well as evolution of wings in birds and insects went through parallel evolutionary paths but somehow converged to something remarkably similar - seems to suggest evolutionary paths are not as random as some prevailing theories suggest.
What about the miracles? How can they be explained by science? As for miracles, at the core of the argument, is the duality between naturalism and supernaturalism. For naturalists, the world is a closed system as there is nothing outside of it (a Creator). The argument against this and for supernaturalism is the existence of higher thoughts - why is human thinking able to transcend what is experienced? In a closed system, there should no purpose, beginning or end. Nothing matters. As such, there has to be the supernatural and hence miracles are merely the interventions of supernatural on the natural world, still obeying its laws. Think about it, we are always able to rationalise away the miraculous events or coincidences, working back on hindsight.
As we get back to science, as we improve our scientific methods to understand the world better, three major origins in our world that have been difficult to explain. These are:
1. The origin of the universe
2. The origin of life
3. The origin of human consciousness
There are many questions still left unanswered. What happens before the Big Bang? What triggered it? Where did the matter and energy come from? Did laws of physics apply before the Big Bang? How did the first cell come about? Where did it get its energy source? Which function came first, metabolism or replication? Why are humans so different from other animals? Why do we have consciousness? Why do we yearn?
Ultimately the conclusion is summarised in the quote above. Science and religion are not exclusive. Science is merely a tool. With this tool, we develop better understanding of the Creator’s works. It’s like taking apart a sophisticated watch piece to understand the mechanisms but in the end we come to appreciate the ingenuity of its design. As we take apart the world around us, its beauty and mysteries helps to affirm that these are too good to be result of rolling the dice but indeed the divine works of His hands.