History of the Christian Church, 8 vols.
by Philip (and David) Schaff
Volume 1: The first volume was highly disappointing. At ~850 pages, I was half way through before the author started any history. The first 400+ pages were filled with commentary that I was not very interested in. By the end of the first volume it became evident that the author is interested in telling his own opinions about everything, rather than presenting the history in an objective way.
Volume 2: This was a great improvement on volume one, and much more enjoyable to read. However, most of the volume describes the social and philosophical sides of history and all but neglects what took place. At no point was there any historic prose. The closest to a historic discourse was the short biographies of key people in the anti-Nicene period. It seems that if you are interested in reading a history that is chronological, this set is not the one to read. I am now wondering if I will be able to complete it.
Volume 3: This volume was long (1000 pages), and covered the extensive and interesting post-Nicene era of the church. The basic structure of the volume was identical to Volume 2. The author started to overly express his own theological viewpoints, rather than simply discuss the history. As a result, he would veer into too many rants praising Augustine and Calvinist theology. His bias was especially evident at the end of the book when he highlighted the various fathers of the church. The Greek fathers (Cappadocians, John Chrysostom, etc.) had a small chapter each, while Jerome (who was apparently a rather nasty person) had two, and Augustine had three chapters. These latter chapters were especially hard to read to the authors glowing praise for one of his evident heroes.
Volume 4: This was a very interesting period of history, especially since this is a time period that I have not studied previously. The eastern church became rather static, and continued in the ridiculous antagonism amongst the various sects that were based on theological distinctives that were all extrapolations of biblical doctrine. This of course opened the door to the conquest of much of the Byzantine empire by the Saracens. Meanwhile, the western church stupidly followed the pattern of the east in wasting time on theological controversies that were again beyond the teaching of the bible. The difference in the west was the power of Rome, which forced uniformity and of course has led to some unjustifiable views from the Vatican, which ultimately must be accepted simply because the Vatican says so (and not by logic, reason, biblical theology, etc.). The time period was therefore highly depressing.
Volume 5: The main author of the history: Philip Schaff never completed the long history that he was working on. Instead, his son: David Schaff completed the last two volumes (5 and 6) following the death of his father. The younger Schaff’s writing style is more pleasant than his father. He is less inclined to pontificate on an issue of interest (my biggest complaint about Philip), but rather limits his personal views to short, often sarcastic comments. As a history book, volume 5 was well written and a pleasant reading experience. The content however was largely unpleasant. This time frame (11th to 13th Century) was filled with popes who acted like corrupt emperors, and theologians who thought it reasonable to condemn to death those who disagreed with them over trivia. Thus, except for a few heretics (who would not be heretics today), and an almost heretic: St. Francis, I greatly disliked all the significant players of the time period. The Waldenses or Waldensians were the highlight for me.
Volume 6: This volume was also written by the son: Prof David Schaff, and was similar to the previous volume in style. The later middle ages and renaissance are a particularly unpleasant time in church history. The power obsession of the papacy resulted in the inquisition, which may have even exceeded Hitler and Stalin in its evil. It also raised the sale of church offices and indulgences to a standard economic strategy to get rich while exploiting the poor. At this stage the church hierarchy had abandoned any pretence of following Jesus. The renaissance popes had much more in common with Turkish sultans, than with Jesus as they pursued power, wealth and immorality. But out of this darkness grew many sources of light. There were numerous voices within the church who cried out for reform, and biblical authority. It was interesting to see that there were many more people than simply Wycliffe and Huss. These last two are remembered because they fit the protestant story, while the many reformers who stayed within Catholicism are often ignored and forgotten. Reading about the larger set of people and events in this time period was very interesting.
Volume 7: In this volume, Philip Schaff (the elder) started the history of the German reformation. This volume started in the usual way (unfortunately), which meant that the author preached for too many pages before he started talking about any history. This part was boring for me, but then the volume improved dramatically. I was mostly unable to put the book down, and finished the volume significantly faster than most other volumes in the series. This volume was centred on the person of Martin Luther and was very interesting. I learned that Luther was even more obscene in his language than I thought, but considerably more gracious in his person. In an age when whoever ruled put to death any dissenters, Luther strongly spoke against capital punishment for any thought crimes. He only argued for serious punishment for political rebels. It was also interesting to learn more about Melanchthon, Bucer, Erasmus, and many other contemporaries of Luther.
Volume 8: This final volume covered the reformation in Switzerland, with the vast majority of the volume devoted to John Calvin. The author (unfortunately) continues to insert his own opinions and commentary into the volume, as he cannot help arguing for or against each theological distinctive. As expected from the authors devotion to Augustine, he was also extremely devoted to Calvin, and included significantly more excerpts of Calvin’s writings that any other person in the entire 8 volume set. Most of these excerpts didn’t add to the history, and therefore didn’t feel like they belonged. As a reader of the history, I couldn’t help disliking Calvin, in spite of his brilliance, sincerity and Godly life. His authoritarian and inflexibly dogmatic tendencies sounded extremely unpleasant.