A rather refreshing outlook on being free. Not only can a slave really be free, a master can also really be a slave. Rethoric like this is to be expected of an emancipated slave I suppose. An amusing and recurring example taken is Diogenes, who was sold as a slave to be the personal trainer of a free man. This free man subjected himself to Diogenes and Diogenes criticized this master continuously. Even on rather ridiculous things like clothes and haircut.
If the slave lives according to what nature, or the gods, have planned for him he is to be considered free. On the other hand, a so-called free man that lives by every whim of Caesar is a slave of Caesar. But it goes further than that, anyone who cannot control himself is not truly free. If you cannot but get angry as a reaction of a specific event, you are a slave of your anger. Or even, to comment on recent events, you are a famous pop-star, but cannot help to use heroin. Than you are a slave of heroin. In my native language, Dutch, this seems more self evident because addicted is translated to 'verslaafd' which could also be read as 'enslaved'. Any addiction is to be seen as enslavement by the object of your addiction of choice, or better said, lack thereof.
This small book can best be summarized in two questions: 1) What is of value? And 2) What is in my own control? In order to lead a good, happy life we must answer these questions in the following way.
1) Only things that are eternal and cannot be taken away are of real value. Like justice, fairness and the gods. (There is no clear talk of wisdom and virtues here, though I suppose to find that in other places as well, seeing that Seneca was probably an inspiration of Epictetus.) Obviously, everything else remaining the same we are rather rich, healthy and of good reputation than poor, sickly, miserable and have shit to our name. Though if put against justice, integrity, fairness &c. it becomes different, because wealth, health and a good name are temporary and justice and integrity are eternal. [Insert dank meme here]
2) The second question has a more clear answer for specific questions. For instance, in a job interview you can prepare all you want -and you should-, but you do not control the interviewers first impression of you. Therefore it is really none of your concern and should not make you nervous. Because what will you do? It is not under your control. Will people find my remark offensive? Also a question that should not be asked, you do not control the taking offense part. You can control whether you are fair and truthful in your remark, as you should be, regardless of the possibility of someone else taking offense.
As we can see, the lessons of a stoic philosopher are useful today and there seems to be nothing too new under the sun. Except the internet perhaps, though wikipedia is not the first encyclopedia and fora and mail existed milennia ago (Nowadays its faster, more reliable, more accessible and nicer looking though). Masters and slaves, and the desire to be free are of all time. And wisdom, justice, fairness, and God are still eternal.
EDIT, SECOND READING
Epictetus poses us with the situation that we have recently aquired the knowledge on how to be a good man. Freedom and being good are linked together, because when we are free, we only care about what is really important. Once we seem to care about things that are unimportant, or outside of our own control, we judge and act slavish. If we are free, we can make good judgments, from which good actions will follow.
Hence, when we enter the world, we must despise of these unimportant things that should be inconsequential to the only thing we control: Our judgment. For example, if you really want a promotion, you are more likely to judge whatever the person who can give you that promotion in a biased way. From this bad judgment, no good action can follow.