دن‌ آرام، جلد سوم و چهارم

Tikhiy Don #3-4

by Mikhail Sholokhov, احمد شاملو (Translator)

عنوان: دن‌ آرام / جلد سوّم و چهارم؛ میخائیل شولوخوف؛ مترجم: احمد شاملو؛ تهران، انتشارات مازیار، 1380، در 1024 ص، شابک: 9645676274؛

Genres: Fiction, Classics, Russia, Russian Literature, Literature, Novels, War

1024 pages, Hardcover

First published January 1, 1940

About the author

Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov was awarded the 1965 Nobel Prize in Literature "for the artistic power and integrity with which, in his epic of the Don, he has given expression to a historic phase in the life of the Russian people."

Reviews

[Murray · Rating 4 out of 5]

This sequel is written as well as And Quiet Flows the Don. The author still has to struggle with Communist censorship. You see how he must laud the Revolutionary Movement of the early 20th century whenever he brings it into the story. Nevertheless there is still far more good than not. Rich, nuanced and complex writing.

[Farnaz · Rating 5 out of 5]

عجب پایان‌بندی معرکه‌ای داشت، نشستم یه دل سیر باهاش گریه کردم :)))
اگر بخوام کتاب رو در یک جمله خلاصه کنم می‌گم در ستایش سرگشتگی و انسان. روایت انسان‌هایی که تو قالب‌هایی که از پیش تعریف شده جا نمی‌گیرن اما در عین حال دلشون می‌خواد انسان رو رعایت کنن و واسه همین توی این جهان سرگردان می‌شن بین انتخاب‌های خودشون و چیزهایی که بهشون تحمیل می‌شه.
خلاصه کتاب خوبیه. توصیه می‌کنم بخونید.

[Monty Milne · Rating 5 out of 5]

What a joy to discover the sequel to “And Quiet Flows the Don”, which I never knew existed until I stumbled across both volumes in a second hand bookshop. It’s even better than the first volume, because the cumulative effect of all those hundreds of absorbing pages pulls you in ever deeper into the narrative. And it never lets up, not even to the very last page. What a master craftsman Sholokhov was, even if one senses he was not a barrel of laughs. True, there are no really likeable characters, but nevertheless one feels sympathy and attachment growing, even as we recoil from their savagery and violence. Throughout it all, the Don itself is an ever present character. The descriptions of river and steppe and the natural world are done with such vivid intensity that I could almost smell the crushed wormwood on the hot dusty steppe...and the beauty of the natural environment, which Sholokhov obviously loved with an almost violent intensity, is the perfect counterpoint to the human tragedies playing out upon it.

[Will E Hazell · Rating 5 out of 5]

I really love this book - it’s my new favourite in the Russian canon. Sholokhov is a gifted illustrator, and won’t drop an opportunity to retread, in new prose, everything on the Don. The chilly wind is felt on the skin, rifle cracks startle, and the stink of bullocks hangs on the page. It all feels immediate. The very essence of the steppe is embedded into your subconscious. Even the wild Cossack culture seeps into you, and authority becomes quickly the devil.

The third volume proceeds just as before in the smoking ruin of the Russian state. But by the fourth, the Reds have finally put it back together. Red, White, Green - all the flip floppers are forced to reconcile with the regime. But for our protagonist Grigor Melekhov, a Bolshevik at heart, swept through the Civil War on the tide of circumstance - there is no forgiveness. Grigor clawed his way into the Officer class. But every heroic cavalry charge, is for him only a battle survived. And these hollow victories fix him further within the ranks of a failing movement.

The only peace the novel finds is in Tatarsk. But it is always short lived. Each new season grows the tragedy in the Melekhov household. In the war, there is that inevitability, knowing as we do what is to come. But Grigor’s historically-dispensable fictional family was my constant agitation. Hope dwindles, recovers, and fails, in exhaustive succession.

“Something here is sucking and sucking at me, drawing the time. Life’s taken a false turn, and maybe I’m at fault in that too. . . . We ought to make our peace with the Reds and attack the Cadets. But how ? Who will bring us into touch with the "Soviets ? How are we to strike an account for our common injuries ? Half the Cossacks are beyond the Donietz, and those who’re left behind have gone mad. Everything is mixed up in my head, Natalia.”

I don’t know how much agency Sholokhov really believes we have. The up-plucked Cossacks struggle to control their destinies. As conscripts, deserters and defectors - they readily trade and turn coats to keep ahead of annihilation. Their lives are pushed by circumstance, social pressure, and an inertia that doesn’t know anything else. What else is there than to take back the steppe? For Grigor, among the many, it’s all he knows. The settled life of threshing and herding on the other side of the Don is impossible to return to.

From Tsarist, to Red, to Insurgent, White, and then again dyed Red - Grigor is made an outlaw along with the other 'wild men' and criminals who cannot hope for amnesty. An army long enough aimless is indistinguishable from a bandit gang. It’s a miserable freedom. The weight of the state is crushing, on and on. It pushes the remnants, into a ruddy little hole.

Along the Don, the feeble hold of the state gives way to a gentle anarchy that opens to infinity. But the steppe seems to shrink in on itself. The resurgent lines of the new state apparatus cannot be outpaced. Telephone wires and the roaming law halt it all. There’s something of the Western on the Don. Substitute cowboy for Cossack, the prairie with the steppe, and you stumble into the same genre. I was constantly reminded of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid.

I never expected a happy ending, knowing Sholokhov’s politics. Yet he still manages to crush the soul. I still feel my mind floating somewhere west of the Volga, no doubt in some bastardised anglo version, but there nonetheless.

[Jakub Horbów · Rating 5 out of 5]

Jeśli to faktycznie on, to bardzo musiał kochać dońszczyznę Szołochow, żeby napisać tak wspaniałą epopeję. Same rzewne opisy stepów i rzecznych zakoli Donu zasługują na najwyższe uznanie. Autor zbudował wielka historię wokół tragicznej postaci Grigorija Melechowa, którego w tomie pierwszym poznajemy jeszcze jako młodego Kozaka. Wspaniale zarysowane postaci autor obdarza wszystkimi możliwymi cechami, często sprzecznymi, nikomu nie dając racji - gubiąc przyjaciół i rodziny w mgle wojny i wielkich przemian w Rosji początku XX wieku. Co zaskakujące ten komunistyczny aparatczyk potrafił oddać realia epoki, będąc obiektywnym historycznie - nie mam pojęcia w jaki sposób Stalin mu na to pozwolił - nie szczędząc cierpkich słów żadnej ze stron konfliktu. Ponadto oprócz głównych męskich charakterów, potrafił zbudować arcyciekawe postaci bohaterek w tym wybitnie patriarchalnym świecie.

Była to chyba najlepsza powieść historyczna, jaką do tej pory czytałem - dzieło totalne.

[Anisha Sharma · Rating 5 out of 5]

I recently finished reading the second volume of Mikhail Sholokhov's epic books about the Don Cossacks, which are set against the backdrop of revolution, civil war, and uprisings. This text is Soviet realism from a "official" and authorised author of the USSR. The book is now out of print and a result of that practically forgotten age of Soviet writing, which in many ways makes it all the more intriguing.

[John · Rating 5 out of 5]

Excellent book. The story describes the effect of World War I, the revolution, and the civil war on the lives of the Don Cossacks. This is done by the story and life of the Cossack Gregor Pantalievich Melekhov and his family after the Russian revolution.

The uprising of the White Russians and cossacks against the Bolshevik or Reds. The descriptions of the steppes and day to day lives of the cossacks beside the Don was memorizing. Gregor’s family and what happens to them all in those turbulent, violent and bloody times is captured well by the author.

The book is divided into seven parts. Red Don or White in which a battle takes place and then a lull in which many White Cossacks return to their villages to help in the harvest. Part 2 the cossacks rise in rebellion against the bolsheviks. Part 3 Retreat and Advance of n where the White cossacks retreat and then advance as the Reds retreat. Part 4 the Shadows Fall and the tide turns against the White Russians. Part 5 Flight to the Sea where the Cossacks retreat along with their families to the Black Sea to escape the Reds. Part 6 has Gregor fighting for the Reds and eventually returning home to Aksinia and his children. Part 7 The Fugitive has Gregor on the run due to his fighting for the White Russians. He joins a brigand band before finally returning home.

[Illiterate · Rating 2 out of 5]

A monument to its time but not a classic of world literature.

[Saman]

اين كتاب عاليه. حالا حساب كن دو بار حروفچيني كتاب به كل عوض بشه. بعد شاملو بياد براي كاربردي كردن اصطلاحات كتاب "كوچه"، كل اصطلاحات آن كتاب رو در ترجمه‌ي اين كتاب استفاده بكنه و بزرگ‌ترين آرزوي اواخر عمرش اين باشد كه روي اين كتاب را ببيند، و نبيند و بعد از پونزده شونزده سال به اين كتاب مجوز بدهند و من هم خيلي شاملو رو دوست داشته باشم و تازه درسم تموم شده باشه و بي‌كار باشم و كتاب گرون باشه و من اون موقع پول نداشته باشم اين كتاب رو بخرم و خيلي دلم بخواد اون رو داشته باشم و بعد بهم هدیه بدهند! خوب فكر مي‌كنم يك كدوم از اين دلايل كافي باشه كه به جرأت اعلام كنم كه اين كتاب را خيلي دوست دارم و برايم مهم است. بعد چون اين كتاب برايم خيلي اهميت پيدا كرده و بعد از اون چون مدام توي سفر بودم و بعد شرايط زندگيم كمي بالا پايين شد و تو دست‌انداز افتاد، نتونستم بيشتر از سيصد چهارصد صفحه‌اش رو بخوونم. خفت؛ -مي‌دونم

[David · Rating 5 out of 5]

1966 Vintage Books printing of the 1940 Knopf edition. I liked this even more than the previous part of the story recounted in "And Quiet Flows the Don." Deals with the very difficult situations faced by the characters during the Russian civil war. I'm surprised the Soviets allowed it to be published in 1939!

[Dan · Rating 5 out of 5]

A beautiful and ultimately heartbreaking tale of war. Sholokhov's prose is gorgeous, his sense of place, his ability to activate all five of your senses, all greatly contribute to the beauty of the Silent Don books. He writes about the way places smell more vividly than any other author I've read.

Watching Gregor, over the course of 1500 pages, find how empty and hollow the "cause" he is fighting for is but having no idea what else to do, as those around him beg for him to stop, makes for a truly bittersweet story.

An all time classic.

[Neal Maro · Rating 5 out of 5]

The Don is the Heraclitian River.

[Rich Yavorsky · Rating 5 out of 5]

"Need isn't your own mother, but it makes people kin."

Far and away this tragic title was more gripping and impactful than its predecessor, 'And Quiet Flows the Don'. (The two books combine to make the single epic 'The Quiet Don'.) Reading AQFD in advance is required. Further, AQFD is the only volume of the two actually still in print (and by 'print' I mean 'print only'--neither e-book nor audio exist for either title). The internet is surprisingly devoid of any form of study guides or analysis, forcing me to ink up the half-century-old paperback I found on eBay from cover to cover to follow storylines. Said differently: you have to clear multiple hurdles to get to DFHS, but the trip is worth it.

In a 20th century world where Whites are fighting Reds, city governments are extending their arms into the rural steppes, and cavalries are fighting machine guns, the Don Cossacks struggle to keep their precious culture. Picking up where AQFD left off, protagonist Gregor Melekov matures from a young adult lacking direction to a disillusioned war veteran against the backdrop of the Bolshevik uprising led in part by foil/Cossack deserter Mishka Koshevoi. Gregor's challenges with finding his own footing speaks to this Gen-Xer, in a Benjamin Braddock ('The Graduate') sort of way.

Sholokhov really finds his stride in DFHS: well-paced chapters, hooks around every corner, and characters who you feel you know over time as if real, a la W&P. Themes of tradition, identity, love, suffering, loyalty, impermanence, family, suffering, nature, and suffering throughout. (While numerous to near fault, some of Sholokhov's nature passages are indeed sublime a la Anna K.) Unlike W&P, DFHS is tilted heavily towards the masculine: the women of the Cossack steppes--while pivotal to the storyline--are given no respect and have little to show for character development. Such were the times of the Don region, which (as I've come to understand) Sholokhov has captured with great accuracy. DFHS came off as surprisingly impartial regarding party rhetoric, given his strong relationship with Khrushchev. (By terrific coincidence: Stalin's Scribe drops this week, which I eagerly hope affords further understanding.)

I loved DFHS's ending, but how Sholokhov approached the finale in the final 100 pages fell short in my opinion. There are several key characters still in play at the end of the book and the potential for final conflicts was sky high, only to have most of that potential left untouched. Perhaps you would have a different opinion.

Any way you slice it: if you're a fan of Russian/epic literature, saddle up your horse, visit your favorite out-of-print book reseller, and find a way to forge the river that is The Quiet Don.

[Part I: And Quiet Flows the Don]

[Robert burke · Rating 5 out of 5]

Book 2 of the Quiet Don saga. Continues the story of Cossack Gregor Melekhov. Despite the controversy over plagiarism, I highly recommend both novels, they are a great read. I wish that there was another English translation of these novels.

[Hannah · Rating 4 out of 5]

3.5 // the sequel to “And Quiet Flows the Don” is even longer and continues the civil war and personal conflicts of the first novel. It’s an impressive epic, but the final quarter seemed to drag on too long for me and lost the momentum of the narrative.

[Elizaveta Belugina · Rating 5 out of 5]

Epic!

[Slavik No · Rating 5 out of 5]

Теперь я познал жизнь!

[Panagiotis Samios · Rating 5 out of 5]

Τι να πει κανείς για αυτό το αντιπολεμικό αριστούργημα. Απορώ για το πώς πέρασε από τη σταλινική λογοκρισία. Η φρίκη του πολέμου δοσμένη σκληρά και χαρακτήρες με όλες τους τις αδυναμίες και τα ελαττώματα. Πολλές οι 2200 σελίδες αλλά αξίζουν τον κόπο.

[Farideh · Rating 3 out of 5]

جالبه که جنگ همه جا آثار یکسانی به جا می‌ذاره

[Mehdi khani · Rating 3 out of 5]

میشاتکا همان جور بی این که پدرش ر ا نگاه کند آرام جواب داد:-عمه دونیا خوب است اما پالی کوشکا تو همین پاییزی مرد.گلو درد شده بودعمو میخاییل ام هم سرباز شده...ئ

و حالا آن مختصر چیزی که گریگوری تو شب های دراز بیدار خوابی به اش فکر کرده بود به تحقیق رسیده بود:گریگوری آنجا جلو دروازۀ سامانۀ اجدادی اش پسرش را تنگ به آغوش گرفته بود.این تنها چیزی بود که از زنده گی اش برایش باقی مانده بود:تمام آن چیزی که هنوز او را زیر این آفتاب سرد به زمین و به این جهان عظیم پیوند می داد

[Ksenia · Rating 5 out of 5]

Лучшее классическое произведение, которое я когда - либо читала. Всех моих впечатлений и не описать. Настолько животрепещуще здесь показана вся жестокость, безжалостность и неистовство войны, но в тоже время доброта, уют и любовь простого народа. Я никогда не читала такие по - настоящему массивные книги настолько быстро, и я не жалею ни секунды потраченного времени, потому что эта книга полностью перевернула моё восприятие жизни. Тихий Дон оказался не таким уж и тихим, а скорее кровавым.

[Minori_aido · Rating 5 out of 5]

третий и четвёртый тома это шедевры. стиль шолохова наконец обретает заверенный вариант, каждое слово смакуешь будь то описание пейзажей казачьих базов или хуторов или это сцена с агонией смерти с болезнью с убийством с психологическим напряжением. четвёртый том разбивает тебя оставляет невероятное послевкусие, не знаю оправлюсь ли я когда - нибудь от этой книги но это прекрасное произведение

sorry but тихий дон > война и мир

[Richa · Rating 4 out of 5]

Finally, I finish this tomb!
This long, painful and detailed history of revolution in Soviet Russia, is touching in its human relations, moving in its war description and poignant in its message that war is senseless.
Every war has been called a necessity, when, every war was just a mass waste of time and lives.

[Віталій (Книжкаріум) · Rating 5 out of 5]

Одна из самых сильных книг, которые мне приходилось читать.

[Old Man JP · Rating 4 out of 5]

An excellent book. It was a bit long (775 pages) and tended to drag in places but all in all really quite good.

[Baaska Baaska · Rating 5 out of 5]

Бас л гоё уран бичжээ. Зарим хэсэгт ч байнга дайн тулаан гарахаар их хэцүү л санагдах юм. Дайны цаг үе ч хэцүүхэн байжээ. Төгсгөлд нь гэрийнхэн нь ихэнх нь л үрэгдээд төгслөө дөө.

[Keith · Rating 3 out of 5]

Finished THE DON FLOWS HOME TO THE SEA (1940), sequel to AND QUIET FLOWS THE DON (1934), by Mikhail Sholokhov (1905-1984), winner of the 1965 Nobel Prize in literature. The combined epic novel, THE SILENT DON—a 1,300 page beast on par with Tolstoy’s WAR AND PEACE—describes the violent and tragic loves and lives of the Cossacks living along the Don River in southern Russia during the First World War and the Russian Civil War following the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution. The story centers on the life of Gregor Melekhov, a man torn between familial and military obligations and his passionate love affair with the beautiful (they always are in Russian novels) Aksinia. Because of his leadership and innate tactical military skills, he rises in rank in the Russian Army, the Cossack “White” cavalry fighting the “Reds,” and after switching sides, the Soviet Army. Gregor is the quintessential Cossack, a warrior loyal to his troops but who is also independent, wanting to be left alone. During his months and years of fighting with brief reprieves, his home village of Tatarsk slowly erodes from the ravages of war, disease, and sorrow. In contrast, the river Don represents the ever-present inevitability of time and nature, always flowing regardless of the anguish humanity inflicts upon itself.

THE SILENT DON "became the most widely read novel in the Soviet Union and was heralded as a powerful example of Socialist Realism, winning the Stalin Prize in 1941" (Britannica). Socialist Realism allegedly carries on the tradition of great Russian 19th-century literature, but does so by affirming (or at least not being overly critical of) communist ideology; hence, Socialist Realism from the perspective of Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn is a contradiction. Gregor tries to avoid atoning for his "sin" of being an officer in the Tsarist and White armies. Meanwhile, his former friend turned enemy, Mikhail Koshevoi, an ardent Bolshevik revolutionary, executes Gregor's brother Piotra, marries his sister Dunia, becomes a surrogate father figure to his children, burns the village church, and restores the Melekhov farm, of which he is the new master. The symbolism is obvious, obliquely justifying the terrors of the Lenin regime.

[Gordon · Rating 4 out of 5]

Definitely a whole level of bleakness beyond the first book. Still very captivating, the up and down nature of the civil war was interesting to witness - a lot of shifting momentum. Ultimately you always how things are going to end, but it’s still quite a roller-coaster. Like the first book, the descriptions of people sleeping on stoves and barn floors, becoming hungry and exhausted from doing hard farm work in the fields, getting lice and disease while travelling, drinking to excess, heating the samovar, riding horses and keeping them fed, and watching the weather on the steppe are a big part what make it such a worthwhile read.

“From the next dug-out the sound of quiet singing was coming. A muffled, but high and clear soprano voice was mingled with those of the men. Outside the entrance to the third an elderly, neatly-dressed woman was sitting with the grizzled head of a sleeping Cossack resting on her lap. While he was comfortably dozing she was nimbly searching through his hair and killing the black headline on a wooden comb, or driving off the flies that settled on her ‘old man’s’ face. But for the angry rattle of a machine-gun on the farther side of the Don and the muffled explosion of shells coming from upstream one would have thought a band of woodchoppers was resting in the forest, so peaceable was the appearance of the insurgent company. Never before during five years of war had Gregor seen such an extraordinary front-line. Unable to restrain his smiles he strode past the dug-outs, continually coming on women attending to their husbands’ needs, mending clothes, washing their linen, preparing food and cleaning utensils.”

[Evi Routoula · Rating 5 out of 5]

Το αριστούργημα του Μιχαήλ Σόλοχοφ, Ὁ Ηρεμος Ντον῾, είναι και το μυθιστόρημα με το οποίο έμεινε παγκοσμίως γνωστός. Το μυθιστόρημα χωρίζεται σε δύο μέρη. Η έκδοση που έχω εγώ είναι μια παλιά, εκδόσεις Σταυρόπουλος, πρέπει να χρονολογείται τουλάχιστον από την δεκαετία του 1980 ή ίσως και παλαιότερη γύρω στις 800 σελίδες πυκνογραμμένο κείμενο, με εξαράκια γράματα και πολυτονικό.
Το έργο εγώ το χωρίζω σε τρία μέρη εννοιολογικά: στο πρώτο μέρος μας παρουσιάζεται η ζωή και η καθημερινότητα ενός κοζάκικου χωριού στην περιοχή του Ντον. Στο δεύτερο μέρος βλέπουμε τους ήρωες μας να πολεμούν στον Α Παγκόσμιο Πόλεμο ( αυτό το κομμάτι μου θύμισε σε πολλά σημεία το ῾Πόλεμος και ειρήνη῾, με τις αντιπολεμικές αναφορές του). Στο τρίτο μέρος έχουμε την Οκτωβριανή επανάσταση που ξεσπά και τον αντίστοιχο εμφύλιο πόλεμο, αλλά ο συγγραφέας επικεντρώνεται στο πώς οι κοζάκοι αντιμετώπισαν την επανάσταση και την νέα πραγματικότητα: ένα μέρος των Κοζάκων προσχώρησε στον Κόκκινο στρατό αλλά η πλειονότητά τους πολέμησαν μαζί με τον Λευκό στρατό. Ο συγγραφέας δεν παίρνει θέση και παρουσιάζει τις ακρότητες και των δύο στρατών. Και ο τρόπος που τελειώνει το έργο είναι εντελώς αντιπολεμικός αλλά και λυρικός.
Είναι ένα μυθιστόρημα ποταμός, γεμάτο πληροφορίες για τις συνήθειες και την καθημερινή ζωή του κοζάκικου λαού, γεμάτο ήρωες που καθένας έχει την δική του προσωπική ιστορία. Το συστήνω ανεπιφύλακτα σε όλους τους λάτρεις του ιστορικού μυθστορήματος και όχι μόνο.

[Daniel Tripp · Rating 5 out of 5]

This "sequel" and the saga's start in "And Quiet Flows the Don" are my favourite Russian novels. I've read Volumes 1-2 three times, the last re-read was as an e-book which I just finished last weekend (15/09/2024).

But I can't find "The Don Flows Home to the Sea" as an e-book with flowing text (that can be resized). So I'm re-reading it for the third time again, as a paperback. There's "e-books" of scanned pages - but it's not the same as an e-book (with flowing text that can re-paginate).

Nor can I find a decent page magnifier to read the tiny text - so I'm struggling. I can't believe there isn't a single e-book for purchase of this classic.