A FASCINATING COLLECTION OF LETTERS TO OTHER THINKERS AT CAMBRIDGE
Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein (1889-1951) was an Austrian-British philosopher whose books such as Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus and Philosophical Investigations are among the acknowledged “classics” of 20th century philosophy. Born into a wealthy family, he gave all of his inheritance away, served in the Austrian Army during World War I, taught schoolchildren in remote Austrian villages, but ultimately taught at Cambridge for many years. The Tractatus was the only book he published during his lifetime, but his papers have been posthumously edited, and notes of lectures taken by his students have been transcribed, and have resulted in many published books, such as 'Lectures & Conversations on Aesthetics, Psychology,' 'The Blue and Brown Books,' 'Remarks on the Foundations of Mathematics,' 'Remarks on the Philosophy of Psychology,' 'Remarks on Colour,' 'Zettel,' etc.
The Introduction notes, “The present volume contains the correspondence, or the bulk of what is known to have survived of it, between Wittgenstein and the chief of his Cambridge friends, by which we mean those who can fairly be regarded as his equals of even mentors rather than his disciples---Bertrand Russell, G.E. Moore, J.M. Keynes, and later Frank Ramsey and… Piero Staffa… No more than the previous one is this book meant as an introduction to Wittgenstein and his circle. Some general acquaintance and interest is presupposed. But its publication will be justified if it conveys a picture of an important side of Wittgenstein’s development."
He wrote to Russell, “I can’t refrain from writing to you, although I have nothing to tell you. I am as perfectly sterile as I never was, and I doubt whether I shall ever again get ideas. Whenever I try to think about Logic my thoughts are so vague that nothing can ever crystallize out. What I feel is the curse of all those who have only half a talent; it is like a man who leads you along a dark corridor with a light and just when you are in the middle of it the lights goes out and you are left alone…” (Pg. 28)
He said to Russell, “Types are not yet solved but I have had all sorts of ideas which seem to me very fundamental. Now the feeling that I shall have to die before being able to publish them is growing stronger and stronger in my every day and my greatest wish would therefore be to communicate EVERYTHING I have done so far to you, as soon as possible. Don’t think that I believe my ideas are very important but I cannot help feeling that they might help people to avoid SOME errors. Or am I mistaken? If so don’t take ANY NOTICE of this letter. I have of course no judgment at all as to whether my ideas are worth preserving after my death or not.” (Pg. 39)
He wrote again to Russell: “Your letters are a great boon to me. Do not feel sorry for writing to me so often. I only want to add that your ‘Theory of Descriptions’ is quite CERTAINLY correct, even though the individual primitive signs in it are not at all the ones you thought.---I often think I am going mad.” (Pg. 61)
In a later letter, he added, “I feel different every day. Sometimes things inside me are in such a ferment that I think I’m going mad: then the next day I am totally apathetic again. But deep inside me there’s a perpetual seething, like the bottom of a geyser, and I keep on hoping that things will come to an eruption once and for all, so that I can turn into a different person.” (Pg. 66)
He wrote to Russell: “During the last week I have thought a lot about our relationship and I have come to the conclusion that we really don’t suit one another when certain subjects come up. I beg you most earnestly not to think I want to reproach you in any way or to preach you a sermon. I only want to put our relationship in clear terms in order to draw a conclusion. Our latest quarrel, too… came… from the fact that my letter must have shown you how totally different our ideas are, e.g. of the value of a scientific work… I can see perfectly well that your value-judgments are just as good and just as deep-seated in you as mine in me, that I have no right to catechize you. But I see equally clearly, now, that for that very reason there cannot be any real relation of friendship between us. I shall be grateful to you and devoted to you WITH ALL MY HEART for the whole of my life, but I shall not write to you again and you will not see me again either… I want to part from you in peace so that we shan’t sometime get annoyed with one another again and then perhaps part as enemies. I wish you everything of the best and I beg you not to forget me and to think of me often with friendly feelings. Goodbye!” (Pg. 74-75)
He admits in a later letter to Russell, “we both of us have weaknesses, but especially I have, and my life is FULL of the ugliest and pettiest thoughts and actions imaginable (this is NOT an exaggeration).” (Pg. 80)
In 1919 he wrote to Russell of the manuscript of his Tractatus, “I believe I’ve solved our problems finally. This may sound arrogant but I can’t help believing it. I finished the book in August 1918 and two months afterward was made [a prisoner-of-war]. I’ve got the manuscript here with me. I wish I could copy it out for you; but it’s pretty long and I would have no safe way of sending it to you. In fact you would not understand it without a previous explanation as it’s written in quite short remarks. (This of course means that NOBODY will understand it; although I believe, it’s all as clear as crystal. But it upsets all our theory of truth, of classes, of numbers and all the rest). I will publish it as soon as I get home.” (Pg. 111)
He later wrote to Russell, urgently, “Something EXTREMELY IMPORTANT has just occurred to me. Among my things there are a lot of journal-notebooks and manuscripts. These are ALL to be burnt!!!” (Pg. 135)
This collection is of great interest to anyone who wants to know more about Wittgenstein, and of the development of his ideas.