Read for uni
I never write reviews for books I have to read for college, but for this particular essay I had to hand in a prose analysis. I've pasted it below to look back on.
George Orwell's The Hanging centers around a Hindu prisoner that is sentenced to death. In this essay, Orwell omits information that seems crucial; for example, how the prisoner came to receive his death sentence, or what role the narrator has in the hanging. Orwell opens his story with the line "It was in Burma, a sodden morning of the rains" (p. 1), instantly pushing the reader head-first into a snapshot of an experience captured by an almost photographic memory. In that first line, he not only paints a picture of the physical setting, namely the country in which the hanging takes place, but also brings across the dreary, gloomy atmosphere that reflects the death that is to take place. This gloomy feeling is further brought up in the overall use of language in the first paragraph of the essay: "condemned men" (p. 1) are stuck in "small animal cages" (p. 1) that are "quite bare" (p. 1). The vocabulary Orwell uses to introduce the objects of the experience very clearly have a negative undertone, and are possibly chosen to hint at his own antipathy and disgust regarding the country's justice system and the inhumanity in death penalties.
Furthermore, Orwell's negative outlook on the hanging shines through in the way the prisoner is described. His word choice in detailing the characteristics of the man allows the reader to understand that this prisoner lacks the stereotypical qualities that one would expect a convict to have, such as a strong build, a frown, and an overall dangerous look. Instead of having that stocky build, he is described as a "puny wisp of a man" (p. 1), which signals physical weakness, giving him a sense of realness and depicting him as somebody that should be pitied by the reader. The narrator also finds that the convict has "vague liquid eyes" (p. 1). It is almost as if the narrator can already see the end of the prisoner's life, as human eyes always form a hazy film and become unfocused after death. Additionally, the man has a "thick, sprouting moustache, absurdly too big for his body, rather like the moustache of comic men on the films" (p. 1) — which is also a characteristic that one would not easily expect in a criminal. Moustaches often even signify creativity or dignity.
Sympathy is also evoked in the reader because of the prisoner's lack of resoluteness: he stands "quite unresisting, yielding his arms limply to the ropes" (p. 1) whilst warders get him ready for the gallows, "as though he hardly notice[s] what [is] happening" (p. 1). It is possible that he is in shock, and therefore does not have the energy to resist the warders; more likely, however, would be that the man has accepted his fate by this time, and therefore does not exude panic. The six warders may have noticed his acceptance of what is to come, as they have their "hands always on him in a careful, caressing grip" (p. 1), as opposed to a stronger grasp. Having the man crowded by so many guards seems unnecessary; especially because he is being so passive. This makes the reader feel the heaviness of the upcoming incident, the formality of the government's system, and the second-hand suffocation the narrator is feeling.
This suffocating feeling is also connected to the orderly way in which events are supposed to occur in The Hanging, and how they ultimately do not happen in that orderly way. At precisely eight o' clock, a "bugle call, desolately thin in the wet air, float[s] from the distant barracks" (p. 1), calling to attention a sort of schedule that the jail officers need to adhere to. Following this schedule appears to be more difficult than one would expect: "For God's sake hurry up, Francis" (p. 2), states the jail's superintendent. It is mentioned that the superintendent is an army doctor, which is information that makes it quite ironic that he would say that "the man ought to have been dead by this time" (p. 2). Paradoxically, he worries aloud that "the prisoners can't get their breakfast till [the hanging]'s over" (p. 2), which to the reader seems a silly utterance because the Hindu man is a prisoner himself. This shows that the jail system creates a hierarchy in which even prisoners are ranked according to their worth. A man whose life will end later in the day is not worth as much as men that are "due to be hanged within the next week or two" (p. 1).
The dog that appears and comes "bounding among [the magistrates] with a loud volley of barks" (p. 2) also acts as an obstacle in the schedule of the hanging. It makes "a dash for the prisoner, and jumping up trie[s] to lick [the prisoner's] face" (p. 2). The dog would not act like this if it were afraid of the prisoner — it might be sensing that the prisoner is not a bad man after all. Bystanders stand "aghast, too taken aback even to grab at the dog" (p. 2). The shock of the jail officers and the narrator can be seen by the reader as humorous, because a dog appearing is usually never regarded as something so dreadful, but Orwell may have wanted to make the moments leading up to the death of the prisoner as tense as possible. The sharp contrast between the dog and the jailers' moods make the unfeeling reaction of the convict saddening; he "look[s] on incuriously, as though this [is] another formality of the hanging" (p. 2).
When this dog is caught, the moral climax of the essay presents itself. The narrator watches the convict from behind as, "in spite of the men who [grip] him by each shoulder" (p. 2), the latter "step[s] lightly aside to avoid a puddle on the path" (p. 2). This action seems, at first glance, a strange thing for a condemned man to do, because his life shall end within minutes anyway. The minor inconvenience of wet shoes and socks is dwarfed by the upcoming hanging. The moral climax unfolds as the narrator realises that he, until that moment, "had never realized what it means to destroy a healthy, conscious man. When [he sees] the prisoner step aside to avoid the puddle, [he sees] the mystery, the unspeakable wrongness, of cutting a life short when it is in full tide" (p. 2). Upon reading this, the reader comes to realise that Orwell hones in on this particular moment in the story to illustrate how barbaric it really is to take the life of a man who is "not dying", but "alive just as we [are] alive" (p. 2).
The physical climax follows suit — the hanging of the prisoner. Orwell builds tension by writing about the man's cries for his god of salvation: "‘Ram! Ram! Ram! Ram!’, not urgent and fearful like a prayer or a cry for help, but steady, rhythmical, almost like the tolling of a bell" (p. 3). The comparison to the tolling of a bell indirectly hints at the church, and the bells of the funeral procession the prisoner deserves, but will not receive. It feels as if minutes are passing by slowly, even though the hanging only takes up half a page of the essay. While the man continues crying out, a couple of the bayonets tremble, and all people present want the man to die: "(...) each cry another second of life; the same thought was in all our minds: oh, kill him quickly, get it over, stop that abominable noise!" (p. 3). The narrator really does not want the prisoner's life to end, but mentally cannot deal with the minutes dragging on and the prisoner awaiting his death with his cries. The man's life ends, and the jail officers all appear to be relieved. "Well, that's all for this morning, thank God" states the superintendent (p. 4).
After this second climax, the falling action begins. The relief of the men who witnessed the hanging turns into something almost brutal in the sense that they laugh about the barbaric event: "I found that I was laughing quite loudly. Everyone was laughing" (p. 4). This is, of course, a human reaction to fear or discomfort; also to be found in the way the other prisoners are perceived after the hanging. "It seemed quite a homely, jolly scene, after the hanging" (p. 4), the narrator states upon watching the other prisoners get their breakfast. Such a simple situation is heightened to loveliness because the narrator contrasts it with the death he witnessed. Several people even laugh when it is mentioned that the convict "pissed on the floor of his cell, from fright" (p. 4) when he heard that his appeal had been dismissed. In this part of the story, the narrator learns that the man had applied for a reversal of the condemnation — but more importantly, he finds out that the prisoner was indeed afraid.