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216 pages, Paperback
Published December 22, 2020
I did find a reference that mentions sweet alyssum [...] and it is a good example of the “generic-type” of reviews I mentioned above.
This review talks about using hoverflies (Syrphidae) to control aphids. Most of the article is about their behavior and description of various species but near the end it does mention that plants like sweet alyssum, coriander, barley, and sweet fennel are interplanted with lettuce.
This seems like strong evidence for this method, but the review goes on to say, “Some insectary plantings (i.e. sweet alyssum) may also harbor pests or result in weed problems. Habitat manipulations also have an economic cost.”
They conclude with “In the absence of formal studies, it is still uncertain whether this opportunity cost is offset by improved pest control.”
Based on this reference in Plant Partners, there is no scientific support for using sweet alyssum to keep aphids away from lettuce.
This is a very common problem with companion planting rules. A small part of the full story is used to justify companion planting (i.e. hoverflies like sweet alyssum and eat aphids), and a big part of the story is ignored (extra costs, loss of productive land, introduction of new pests, etc.). A complete scientific study would take all of these factors into account and compare productive yield or value of crops with and without sweet alyssum.
While companion planting has a long history among gardeners, it’s a history filled with folklore and conjecture, often at the expense of sound science.
New and existing research from universities and agricultural facilities around the world isn’t necessarily validating the long-held companion planting techniques and beliefs that have been around for generations. Instead, it’s pointing us toward a whole new way to companion plant. [...] It’s about pairing plants such that one plant provides a benefit to the other in terms of an ecosystem service.[...]
[We need open-minded gardeners who are] willing to think through their gardening choices. [...] Yes, studies provide crucial information, but it’s important to evaluate and record your own results. [...] Write down what works in your garden and what doesn’t, as well as any changes in the health and/or performance of your plants. While your efforts may not be 100 percent scientific or ever appear in a published study, they are invaluable.