Update:2025 re-read
“a carriage drew up to the entrance; the doors opened; a gentleman in uniform jumped out, slightly stooping, and ran up the stairs. Imagine the horror and at the same time the amazement of Kovalyov when he recognized that it was his own nose!”
I was really happy to see this, “The Nose,” one of my favorite stories, included in George Saunders A Swim in the Pond in the Rain in which he does a thorough walk through of how each story is constructed from a writers’s point of view:
“The narration in “The Nose,” it turns out, is a particular Russian form of unreliable first-person narration called skaz. Imagine an actor telling a story in character. And the character is…not right…sharply characterized by his substandard speech’… little idea of how to develop an argument…though he wishes to be considered informed and observant…cannot distinguish the trivial from the important.’
“So this isn’t graceless writing; this is a great writer writing a graceless writer writing. (And not only that: it’s a great writer writing a graceless writer writing about a world in which a severed nose winds up in a loaf of bread.)
“The skaz tradition (…Twain…Minnie Oearl…Borat…) challenges the notion that a disinterested, objective third-person-omniscient narrator exists anywhere in the real world…Every story is narrated by someone, and since everyone has a viewpoint, every story is misnarrated (is narrated subjectively).
Since all narration is misnarration, Gogol says, let us misnarrate joyfully.
It’s like a prose version of the theory of relativity: no fixed objective “correct” viewpoint exists; an unbalanced narrator describes, in an unbalanced voice, the doings of a cast of unbalanced characters.
“To read Gogol in English is one thing; to read him in Russian is, apparently, quite another. He’s funnier in Russian; there are aural jokes and assonances and puns that can’t be rendered in English.
And Saunders also discusses “The Overcoat” and how Akakii Akakievich’s name, “the ‘ka-ka’ sound having the same associations in Russian as in English…sounds to the Russian ear, especially after this shit-related buildup…like ‘Shit O’Shitvich.” (See notes, especially Fusso, on same under separate entry for “The Overcoat.”)
“The Germany in Klemperer’s book [I Will Bear Witness ] has something in common with Gogol’s printing office. In both, something troubling (a missing nose, a hateful political agenda) is met with polite, well-intended civility—a civility that wants things to go on as usual.
Writing about Gregor von Rezzori’s classic Memoirs of an Anti-Semite, Deborah Eisenberg pointed out the great harm that can be done by a handful of evil people, as long as they have the ‘passive assistance of many, many other people who glance out the windows of their secure homes and see a cloudless sky.’
“How can what is happening to Kovalyov really matter to him [the clerk], when it happened to…not-him?”
[i note that Saunders book was published in 2021]
“In a Gogol story, when something impossible happens, either (1) no one notices, or (2) they notice but misunderstand it and then proceed to miscommunicate about it. This includes the narrator, who keeps falling to comment on the oddnesses we notice, and misinterpreting things and providing explanations we don’t buy, and failing to provide reasonable methods by which the things he is narrating could have occurred. [Saunders goes on for almost a page listing improbabilities in the story]
“Gogol is sometimes referred to as an absurdist, his work meant to communicate that we live in a world without meaning. But to me, Gogol is a supreme realist, looking past the way things seem to how they really are.
“The nose (or the Nose) does well in its (or his? Does this Nose have a penis?) brief time wandering the world—better than Kovalyov had done. It has got, in one morning, things that we imagine Kovalyov must crave: a promotion, panache, authority, a carriage with a driver. It’s happier and freer than he is, more proactive and dashing. (Like the hero in a romance novel, it’s apprehended as it is ‘about to board a stagecoach and leave for Riga.’) [and, as Saunders asked earlier, how did it acquire a passport “made out a long time ago…”][is the nose a doppelgänger?]
Original 2022 notes:
An excellent collection of Gogol’s stories and wonderfully translated by Susanne Fusso. I don’t speak or read Russian but Fusso’s translation just sounds pleasing to the ear (I’d read a different translation of The Nose which, well, just seemed clunky.). She seems to transmit the essence of Gogol’s humor. And she includes footnotes to explain word choices and how a Russian reader would understand word choices- shades of meaning ( or how a word might sound to them, and sound similar to another word with a different meaning, but something they would get)
[I wish now that I had taken notes on Fusso’s explanations of the humor, may need to go back and find her translation again; see, though, notes under “The Overcoat”]
I’d seen references to The Greatcoat so it’d been on my list, then bumped up with reading Kafka’s The Metamorphosis and reading Nabokov’s lecture on that story in which he discusses reality versus fantasy and uses The Greatcoat (which he refers to as The Carrick) as an example. (More notes under this specific title)
The Nose is hilariously funny. And scathingly sarcastic regarding social climbers And really, who would recognize someone else’s nose in their bread?
Viy is a great horror story told in a folkloric form, rivaling Poe or Hawthorn
The Portrait while an acerbic commentary on art and money didn’t grab me the way The Nose or Viy had.
Nevsky Avenue was…meh, but was fun in the opening when Gogol was poking fun at the dandies and social climbers who would parade around. But it did have that Golgolian twist.
Diary of A Madman was excellent!
The Carriage was meh, but did have its Gogolian twist of humor at the end.